{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:00:17Z","timestamp":1782849617646,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last year the COVID19 pandemic clearly illustrated the potential threat that viruses pose to our society. The characterization of viral structures and the identification of key proteins involved in each step of the cycle of infection are crucial to develop treatments. However, the small size of viruses, invisible under conventional fluorescence microscopy, make it difficult to study the organization of protein clusters within the viral particle. The applications of super-resolution microscopy have skyrocketed in the last years, converting this group into one of the leading techniques to characterize viruses and study the viral infection in cells, breaking the diffraction limit by achieving resolutions up to 10 nm using conventional probes such as fluorescent dyes and proteins. There are several super-resolution methods available and the selection of the right one it is crucial to study in detail all the steps involved in the viral infection, quantifying and creating models of infection for relevant viruses such as HIV-1, Influenza, herpesvirus or SARS-CoV-1. Here we review the use of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) to study all steps involved in the viral infection and antiviral design. In light of the threat of new viruses, these studies could inspire future assays to unveil the viral mechanism of emerging viruses and further develop successful antivirals against them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.647874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T06:46:28Z","timestamp":1616741188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Towards a Quantitative Single Particle Characterization by Super Resolution Microscopy: From Virus Structures to Antivirals Design"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Arista-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pujals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Albertazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02956173","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung.","volume":"9","author":"Abbe","year":"1873","journal-title":"Archiv. Mikrosk. Anat."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004751","article-title":"CD169-mediated trafficking of HIV to plasma membrane invaginations in dendritic cells attenuates efficacy of anti-gp120 broadly neutralizing antibodies.","volume":"11","author":"Akiyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2020.09.001","article-title":"Super-resolution correlative light-electron microscopy using a click-chemistry approach for studying intracellular trafficking.","volume":"162","author":"Andrian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.03.005","article-title":"The discovery of viruses: advancing science and medicine by challenging dogma.","volume":"16","author":"Artenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98182-6_6","article-title":"Artifacts in transmission electron microscopy","author":"Ayache","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sample Preparation Handbook for Transmission Electron Microscopy"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.1039\/B923992H","article-title":"Imaging and manipulation of single viruses by atomic force microscopy.","volume":"6","author":"Baclayon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177920","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177920","article-title":"Visualization of early influenza A virus trafficking in human dendritic cells using STED microscopy.","volume":"12","author":"Baharom","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008209","article-title":"Dynamic organization of Herpesvirus glycoproteins on the viral envelope revealed by super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"15","author":"Beilstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127344","article-title":"Imaging intracellular fluorescent proteins at nanometer resolution.","volume":"313","author":"Betzig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8654","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b12950","article-title":"Pathogen inhibition by multivalent ligand architectures.","volume":"138","author":"Bhatia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008987","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008987","article-title":"Polymerase-tagged respiratory syncytial virus reveals a dynamic rearrangement of the ribonucleocapsid complex during infection.","volume":"16","author":"Blanchard","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12211","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321655111","article-title":"Temporal and spatial organization of ESCRT protein recruitment during HIV-1 budding.","volume":"111","author":"Bleck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65409-y","article-title":"Microscopy analysis of Zika virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells.","volume":"10","author":"Caldas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/v12030348","article-title":"Fluorescence microscopy of the HIV-1 envelope.","volume":"12","author":"Carravilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260088","article-title":"Expansion microscopy.","volume":"347","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10929","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02699","article-title":"Super-resolution fluorescence imaging reveals that serine incorporator protein 5 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus fusion by disrupting envelope glycoprotein clusters.","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-018-0424-3","article-title":"Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy studies of human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"15","author":"Chojnacki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226359","article-title":"Maturation-dependent HIV-1 surface protein redistribution revealed by fluorescence nanoscopy.","volume":"338","author":"Chojnacki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00515-6","article-title":"Envelope glycoprotein mobility on HIV-1 particles depends on the virus maturation state.","volume":"8","author":"Chojnacki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007015","article-title":"Direct cell-to-cell transmission of respiratory viruses: the fast lanes.","volume":"14","author":"Cifuentes-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-321","article-title":"Influenza A penetrates host mucus by cleaving sialic acids with neuraminidase.","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.01.017","article-title":"Influenza hemagglutinin modulates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate membrane clustering.","volume":"116","author":"Curthoys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.1039\/c8nr07269h","article-title":"Nanoscale organization of tetraspanins during HIV-1 budding by correlative dSTORM\/AFM.","volume":"11","author":"Dahmane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14741-9_8","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy of viruses","author":"de Pablo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physical Virology: Virus Structure and Mechanics Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.po.2017.10.003","article-title":"Chapter One \u2013 Optical tweezers: fundamentals and some biophysical applications","author":"Dhakal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress in Optics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11297","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01971","article-title":"Nanoscale structural characterization of individual viral particles using atomic force microscopy infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and tip-enhanced raman spectroscopy (TERS).","volume":"92","author":"Dou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022007","article-title":"A SNAP-tagged derivative of HIV-1\u2014a versatile tool to study virus-cell interactions.","volume":"6","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102511","article-title":"Visualization and analysis of Hepatitis C virus structural proteins at lipid droplets by super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"9","author":"Eggert","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247786","article-title":"Distribution of ESCRT machinery at HIV assembly sites reveals virus scaffolding of ESCRT subunits.","volume":"343","author":"Engelenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42906","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42906","article-title":"Nanoscale organization of rotavirus replication machineries.","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00e9s Su\u00e1rez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04328","article-title":"Use of super-resolution optical microscopy to reveal direct virus binding at hybrid core\u2013shell matrixes.","volume":"92","author":"Gast","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.114579","article-title":"Directly monitoring individual retrovirus budding events using atomic force microscopy.","volume":"94","author":"Gladnikoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020223","article-title":"Quality assessment of virus-like particles at single particle level: a comparative study.","volume":"12","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27345","article-title":"Quantification of the HIV-1 virus-like particle production process by super-resolution imaging: from VLP budding to nanoparticle analysis.","volume":"117","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L01","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.05.029","article-title":"Coaligned dual-channel STED nanoscopy and molecular diffusion analysis at 20 nm resolution.","volume":"105","author":"G\u00f6ttfert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0488-4","article-title":"Nanoscale polarization of the entry fusion complex of Vaccinia virus drives efficient fusion.","volume":"4","author":"Gray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29132","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29132","article-title":"VirusMapper: open-source nanoscale mapping of viral architecture through super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"6","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55471","DOI":"10.3791\/55471","article-title":"Open-source single-particle analysis for super-resolution microscopy with virusmapper.","author":"Gray","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9593-6_16","article-title":"Super-resolution microscopy of Vaccinia virus particles","author":"Gray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccinia Virus: Methods and Protocols Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-28","article-title":"A role for CD81 on the late steps of HIV-1 replication in a chronically infected T cell line.","volume":"6","author":"Grigorov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03526-12","article-title":"Roles played by capsid-dependent induction of membrane curvature and Gag-ESCRT interactions in tetherin recruitment to HIV-1 assembly sites.","volume":"87","author":"Grover","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.03.054","article-title":"Actin mediates the nanoscale membrane organization of the clustered membrane protein influenza Hemagglutinin.","volume":"104","author":"Gudheti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.86","article-title":"Immunoelectron microscopy of viral antigens.","volume":"53","author":"Gulati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006350919060095","article-title":"Virus detection methods and biosensor technologies.","volume":"64","author":"Guliy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1021\/nl3021076","article-title":"Quantitative super-resolution imaging reveals protein stoichiometry and nanoscale morphology of assembling hiv-gag virions.","volume":"12","author":"Gunzenh\u00e4user","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115095","article-title":"A quantitative approach to evaluate the impact of fluorescent labeling on membrane-bound HIV-gag assembly by titration of unlabeled proteins.","volume":"9","author":"Gunzenh\u00e4user","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2000.00710.x","article-title":"Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured illumination microscopy.","volume":"198","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0688-0","article-title":"MINFLUX nanoscopy delivers 3D multicolor nanometer resolution in cells.","volume":"17","author":"Gwosch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8215","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b03850","article-title":"Stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy reveals time-course of human immunodeficiency virus proteolytic maturation.","volume":"10","author":"Hanne","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12186","article-title":"Super-resolved insights into human immunodeficiency virus biology.","volume":"590","author":"Hanne","year":"","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7428","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00604","article-title":"Correlative super-resolution microscopy: new dimensions and new opportunities.","volume":"117","author":"Hauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003701","article-title":"Dual function of CD81 in influenza virus uncoating and budding.","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.19.000780","article-title":"Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy.","volume":"19","author":"Hell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.091116","article-title":"Ultra-high resolution imaging by fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy.","volume":"91","author":"Hess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708066104","article-title":"Dynamic clustered distribution of hemagglutinin resolved at 40 nm in living cell membranes discriminates between raft theories.","volume":"104","author":"Hess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8678-1_12","article-title":"Correlative light and electron microscopy of influenza virus entry and budding","author":"Hodgson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Influenza Virus: Methods and Protocols"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(99)07034-2","article-title":"Identification of viral infection by confocal microscopy.","volume":"307","author":"Howell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mne.2018.11.005","article-title":"Super-resolution optical imaging: a comparison.","volume":"2","author":"Huszka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Micro Nano Eng."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.02.022","article-title":"Super-resolution imaging of C-type lectin and influenza hemagglutinin nanodomains on plasma membranes using blink microscopy.","volume":"102","author":"Itano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001448","article-title":"Siglec-1 is a novel dendritic cell receptor that mediates HIV-1 trans-infection through recognition of viral membrane gangliosides.","volume":"10","author":"Izquierdo-Useros","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7873","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01845-06","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly, budding, and cell-cell spread in T cells take place in tetraspanin-enriched plasma membrane domains.","volume":"81","author":"Jolly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2835","article-title":"Multiplexed 3D cellular super-resolution imaging with DNA-PAINT and exchange-PAINT.","volume":"11","author":"Jungmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4756","DOI":"10.1021\/nl103427w","article-title":"Single-molecule kinetics and super-resolution microscopy by fluorescence imaging of transient binding on DNA Origami.","volume":"10","author":"Jungmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.70","article-title":"Virus-like particles as universal influenza vaccines.","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124581","article-title":"Correlative stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and electron microscopy.","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-020-00747-9","article-title":"Single-particle virology.","volume":"12","author":"Kiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.24.000954","article-title":"Subdiffraction resolution in far-field fluorescence microscopy.","volume":"24","author":"Klar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41023-5","article-title":"Super-resolution microscopy reveals significant impact of M2e-specific monoclonal antibodies on influenza A virus filament formation at the host cell surface.","volume":"9","author":"Kolpe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118636817.ch4","article-title":"The virus genome and its replication","author":"Krug","year":"2013","journal-title":"Textbook of Influenza"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40360","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40360","article-title":"Influenza virus exploits tunneling nanotubes for cell-to-cell spread.","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/v11060548","article-title":"IFITM3 clusters on virus containing endosomes and lysosomes early in the influenza A infection of human airway epithelial cells.","volume":"11","author":"Kummer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00041-10","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy in imaging of viruses and virus-infected cells.","volume":"75","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5980","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6980","article-title":"Structural analysis of herpes simplex virus by optical super-resolution imaging.","volume":"6","author":"Laine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40183","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40183","article-title":"Structured illumination microscopy combined with machine learning enables the high throughput analysis and classification of virus structure.","volume":"7","author":"Laine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201500119","article-title":"Novel organic dyes for multicolor localization-based super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"9","author":"Lehmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002456","article-title":"Quantitative multicolor super-resolution microscopy reveals tetherin HIV-1 interaction.","volume":"7","author":"Lehmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8564","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013267109","article-title":"Superresolution imaging of HIV in infected cells with FlAsH-PALM.","volume":"109","author":"Lelek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02104-16","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02104-16","article-title":"Lateral organization of influenza virus proteins in the budozone region of the plasma membrane.","volume":"91","author":"Leser","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1102","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114444108","article-title":"Three-dimensional superresolution colocalization of intracellular protein superstructures and the cell surface in live Caulobacter crescentus.","volume":"108","author":"Lew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00593.x","article-title":"Surface ultrastructure of SARS coronavirus revealed by atomic force microscopy.","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2020.10.001","article-title":"The architecture of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with postfusion spikes revealed by Cryo-EM and Cryo-ET.","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05480-2","article-title":"A stochastic assembly model for Nipah virus revealed by super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.034","article-title":"A viral packaging motor varies its DNA rotation and step size to preserve subunit coordination as the capsid fills.","volume":"157","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77170-3","article-title":"Super resolution microscopy and deep learning identify Zika virus reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum.","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02424-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02424-20","article-title":"Antibody neutralization of HIV-1 crossing the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"11","author":"Lorin","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01606-6","article-title":"A simple and cost-effective setup for super-resolution localization microscopy.","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2019.05.012","article-title":"Strategies for increasing the throughput of super-resolution microscopies.","volume":"51","author":"Mahecic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-012-1014-4","article-title":"Single-molecule coordinate-based analysis of the morphology of HIV-1 assembly sites with near-molecular spatial resolution.","volume":"139","author":"Malkusch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(10)75005-9","article-title":"Single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy for mapping single-molecule dynamics.","volume":"475","author":"Manley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1176","article-title":"High-density mapping of single-molecule trajectories with photoactivated localization microscopy.","volume":"5","author":"Manley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.05.002","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy observation and characterization of single virions and virus-like particles by nano-indentation.","volume":"18","author":"Marchetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10839","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.10839-10851.2005","article-title":"Tetraspanins in viral infections: a fundamental role in viral biology?","volume":"79","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5032","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.399404","article-title":"Combining sample expansion and light sheet microscopy for the volumetric imaging of virus-infected cells with super-resolution.","volume":"11","author":"Mascheroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31366-w","article-title":"Minimizing structural bias in single-molecule super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"8","author":"Mazidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050484","article-title":"Significant differences in RNA structure destabilization by HIV-1 GagDp6 and NCp7 proteins.","volume":"12","author":"McCauley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28700-7","article-title":"Structural analysis of influenza vaccine virus-like particles reveals a multicomponent organization.","volume":"8","author":"McCraw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004772","article-title":"Antigenic properties of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 on virions bound to target cells.","volume":"11","author":"Mengistu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070260604","article-title":"Artifacts caused by dehydration and epoxy embedding in transmission electron microscopy.","volume":"26","author":"Mollenhauer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0120-1","article-title":"Improving probes for super-resolution.","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52649","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52649","article-title":"HIV restriction factor APOBEC3G binds in multiple steps and conformations to search and deaminate single-stranded DNA.","volume":"8","author":"Morse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6009","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03531-14","article-title":"Influenza virus-induced caspase-dependent enlargement of nuclear pores promotes nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes.","volume":"89","author":"M\u00fchlbauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.010","article-title":"Shedding new light on viruses: super-resolution microscopy for studying human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"21","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003198","article-title":"Super-resolution microscopy reveals specific recruitment of HIV-1 envelope proteins to viral assembly sites dependent on the envelope C-terminal tail.","volume":"9","author":"Muranyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14741-9_2","article-title":"Single virion tracking microscopy for the study of virus entry processes in live cells and biomimetic platforms.","volume":"1215","author":"Nathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Virol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2064271","article-title":"High speed fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy imaging","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of SPIE \u2013 The International Society for Optical Engineering Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy II, 91690P"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04378","article-title":"Architecture of ribonucleoprotein complexes in influenza A virus particles.","volume":"439","author":"Noda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508165","article-title":"Mapping of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains that can function as gateways for HIV-1.","volume":"173","author":"Nydegger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3953","article-title":"PAINT using proteins: a new brush for super-resolution artists.","volume":"29","author":"Oi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4106","article-title":"Deep learning massively accelerates super-resolution localization microscopy.","volume":"36","author":"Ouyang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2016.04.011","article-title":"Specimen preparation for high-resolution cryo-EM.","volume":"579","author":"Passmore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803109-4.00004-0","article-title":"Methods to study viruses.","author":"Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-018-1324-0","article-title":"Correlative iPALM and SEM resolves virus cavity and Gag lattice defects in HIV virions.","volume":"48","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04114","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04114","article-title":"Quantitative microscopy of functional HIV post-entry complexes reveals association of replication with the viral capsid.","volume":"3","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-84","article-title":"HIV taken by STORM: super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of a viral infection.","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8976-8_17","article-title":"Investigating Hepatitis C virus infection using super-resolution microscopy","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Protocols Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.09.006","article-title":"Cryo-electron microscopy and single molecule fluorescent microscopy detect CD4 receptor induced HIV size expansion prior to cell entry.","volume":"486","author":"Pham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-4-723","article-title":"The influenza virus nucleoprotein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein pivotal to virus replication.","volume":"83","author":"Portela","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004677","article-title":"Super-resolution imaging of ESCRT-proteins at HIV-1 assembly sites.","volume":"11","author":"Prescher","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-018-0070-2","article-title":"Super-resolution microscopy as a powerful tool to study complex synthetic materials.","volume":"3","author":"Pujals","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-019-0357-0","article-title":"A bipartite structural organization defines the SERINC family of HIV-1 restriction factors.","volume":"27","author":"Pye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164203","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/164203","article-title":"HIV-1 trans infection of CD4+ T cells by professional antigen presenting cells.","volume":"2013","author":"Rinaldo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15399","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef promotes infection by excluding SERINC5 from virion incorporation.","volume":"526","author":"Rosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7516","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00790-13","article-title":"Clustering and mobility of HIV-1 Env at viral assembly sites predict its propensity to induce cell-cell fusion.","volume":"87","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.12.016","article-title":"In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs.","volume":"36","author":"Rumlov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01243399","article-title":"Die Bedeutung der \u00dcbermikroskopie f\u00fcr die Virusforschung.","volume":"1","author":"Ruska","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.01.027","article-title":"Astrocytes resist HIV-1 fusion but engulf infected macrophage material.","volume":"18","author":"Russell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth929","article-title":"Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM).","volume":"3","author":"Rust","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.71","article-title":"Fluorescence nanoscopy in cell biology.","volume":"18","author":"Sahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2017.04.007","article-title":"A versatile tool for live-cell imaging and super-resolution nanoscopy studies of HIV-1 Env distribution and mobility.","volume":"24","author":"Sakin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01155-16","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01155-16","article-title":"Subcellular localizations of RIG-I, TRIM25, and MAVS complexes.","volume":"91","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Aparicio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7478","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00667","article-title":"Single-molecule localization microscopy in eukaryotes.","volume":"117","author":"Sauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007985","article-title":"A kinesin-3 recruitment complex facilitates axonal sorting of enveloped alpha Herpesvirus capsids.","volume":"16","author":"Scherer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201002018","article-title":"A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.","volume":"190","author":"Schermelleh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3481","article-title":"Ultrafast, temporally stochastic STED nanoscopy of millisecond dynamics.","volume":"12","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.024","article-title":"Super-resolution microscopy with DNA-PAINT.","volume":"12","author":"Schnitzbauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18911","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609643104","article-title":"Wide-field subdiffraction imaging by accumulated binding of diffusing probes.","volume":"103","author":"Sharonov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.13.20212035","article-title":"Virus detection and identification in minutes using single-particle imaging and deep learning.","author":"Shiaelis","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813131106","article-title":"Interferometric fluorescent super-resolution microscopy resolves 3D cellular ultrastructure.","volume":"106","author":"Shtengel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13626","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120265109","article-title":"Influenza virus binds its host cell using multiple dynamic interactions.","volume":"109","author":"Sieben","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008656","article-title":"Influenza A viruses use multivalent sialic acid clusters for cell binding and receptor activation.","volume":"16","author":"Sieben","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59437-2.00003-X","article-title":"3 \u2013 structure and morphology characterization techniques","author":"Sinha Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clay-Containing Polymer Nanocomposites"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/35099581","article-title":"The bacteriophage \u03c629 portal motor can package DNA against a large internal force.","volume":"413","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061029798","article-title":"Herpesviruses use bidirectional fast-axonal transport to spread in sensory neurons.","volume":"98","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6014","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.777714","article-title":"SERINC5 protein inhibits HIV-1 fusion pore formation by promoting functional inactivation of envelope glycoproteins.","volume":"292","author":"Sood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409513-7.00014-2","article-title":"Chapter 14 \u2013 super-resolution microscopy: a comparison of commercially available options","author":"Thorley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fluorescence Microscopy"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020233","article-title":"Application of super-resolution and advanced quantitative microscopy to the spatio-temporal analysis of influenza virus replication.","volume":"13","author":"Touizer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297917110025","article-title":"The power and limitations of influenza virus hemagglutinin assays.","volume":"82","author":"Ustinov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43764","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43764","article-title":"Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus.","volume":"8","author":"Vahey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2016.08.056","article-title":"Size distribution analysis of influenza virus particles using size exclusion chromatography.","volume":"1465","author":"Vajda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaz1639","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz1639","article-title":"Revealing in real-time a multistep assembly mechanism for SV40 virus-like particles.","volume":"6","author":"van Rosmalen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4593","article-title":"STED super-resolved microscopy.","volume":"15","author":"Vicidomini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01775798","article-title":"Bakterien und virus in \u00fcbermikroskopischer aufnahme.","volume":"17","author":"von Borries","year":"1938","journal-title":"Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15348","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15348","article-title":"Light-induced cell damage in live-cell super-resolution microscopy.","volume":"5","author":"W\u00e4ldchen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.09.004","article-title":"Tracking viral genomes in host cells at single-molecule resolution.","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091053","article-title":"Structural biology of influenza hemagglutinin: an amaranthine adventure.","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0211-z","article-title":"Faster, sharper, and deeper: structured illumination microscopy for biological imaging.","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110026","article-title":"A beneficiary role for neuraminidase in influenza virus penetration through the respiratory mucus.","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53988","DOI":"10.3791\/53988","article-title":"A guide to structured illumination TIRF microscopy at high speed with multiple colors.","volume":"30","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2016_1275","article-title":"Virus-like particles as drug delivery vectors.","volume":"63","author":"Zdanowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008051117","article-title":"Structural basis of Chikungunya virus inhibition by monoclonal antibodies.","volume":"117","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.647874\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T06:46:31Z","timestamp":1616741191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.647874\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"references-count":160,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2021.647874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.647874","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"article-number":"647874"}}