{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:56:57Z","timestamp":1792681017486,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007393","name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise contre les Myopathies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007393","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in different tissues: bone marrow, peripheral blood, adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, perinatal tissues, and dental pulp. MSCs are able to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple lineages, and they have been extensively used for cell therapy mostly owing to their anti-fibrotic and immunoregulatory properties that have been suggested to be at the basis for their regenerative capability. MSCs exert their effects by releasing a variety of biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, either as soluble proteins or enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Analyses of MSC-derived secretome and in particular studies on EVs are attracting great attention from a medical point of view due to their ability to mimic all the therapeutic effects produced by the MSCs (i.e., endogenous tissue repair and regulation of the immune system). MSC-EVs could be advantageous compared with the parental cells because of their specific cargo containing mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins that can be biologically transferred to recipient cells. MSC-EV storage, transfer, and production are easier; and their administration is also safer than MSC therapy. The skeletal muscle is a very adaptive tissue, but its regenerative potential is altered during acute and chronic conditions. Recent works demonstrate that both MSCs and their secretome are able to help myofiber regeneration enhancing myogenesis and, interestingly, can be manipulated as a novel strategy for therapeutic interventions in muscular diseases like muscular dystrophies or atrophy. In particular, MSC-EVs represent promising candidates for cell free-based muscle regeneration. In this review, we aim to give a complete picture of the therapeutic properties and advantages of MSCs and their products (MSC-derived EVs and secreted factors) relevant for skeletal muscle regeneration in main muscular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.652970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T05:46:13Z","timestamp":1620884773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Secretome: New Therapeutic Perspectives for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Sandon\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta Rosa","family":"Silini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Parolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Saccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8167","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29472","article-title":"MicroRNA-4731-5p delivered by AD-mesenchymal stem cells induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma.","volume":"235","author":"Allahverdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3978","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities.","volume":"12","author":"Andaloussi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127561","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal cells improve muscle function in a skeletal muscle re-injury model.","volume":"10","author":"Andrade","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2009.01.005","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells suppress B-cell terminal differentiation.","volume":"37","author":"Asari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00650-6","article-title":"Exosomal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells: cell-to-cell messages.","volume":"18","author":"Asgarpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200902-0242OC","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate lung injury in a murine model of neonatal chronic lung disease.","volume":"180","author":"Aslam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0218","article-title":"Different donors mesenchymal stromal cells secretomes reveal heterogeneous profile of relevance for therapeutic use.","volume":"26","author":"Assoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425405","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells inhibit lymphocyte proliferation by activation of the programmed death 1 pathway.","volume":"35","author":"Augello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2019.1593755","article-title":"Clinical requirements for extracellular vesicle assays.","volume":"8","author":"Ayers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Ves."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20501","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in stroke patients.","volume":"57","author":"Bang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7110190","article-title":"Pilot Production of mesenchymal Stem\/stromal freeze-dried secretome for cell-free regenerative nanomedicine: a validated GMP-compliant process.","volume":"7","author":"Bari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.04.055","article-title":"Placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their exosomes exert therapeutic effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.","volume":"174","author":"Bier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-7-14","article-title":"Aging of mesenchymal stem cell in vitro.","volume":"7","author":"Bonab","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cell Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091087","article-title":"The anti-apoptotic effect of ASC-exosomes in an in vitro ALS model and their proteomic analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Bonafede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2015.12.009","article-title":"Exosome derived from murine adipose-derived stromal cells: neuroprotective effect on in vitro model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"340","author":"Bonafede","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.010389","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy.","volume":"6","author":"Bonaldo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20132964","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: structure, function, and potential clinical uses in renal diseases.","volume":"46","author":"Borges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.02.013","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells as a pharmacological and therapeutic approach to accelerate angiogenesis.","volume":"143","author":"Bronckaers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v98.8.2396","article-title":"Identification of mesenchymal stem\/progenitor cells in human first-trimester fetal blood, liver, and bone marrow.","volume":"98","author":"Campagnoli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.105","article-title":"Microvesicles derived from endothelial progenitor cells protect the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury by microRNA-dependent reprogramming of resident renal cells.","volume":"82","author":"Cantaluppi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2469","article-title":"Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data: new insight.","volume":"217","author":"Caplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2011.613930","article-title":"Conditioned medium from amniotic mesenchymal tissue cells reduces progression of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.","volume":"14","author":"Cargnoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9756973","article-title":"Neuromuscular regeneration: perspective on the application of Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretion products.","volume":"2016","author":"Caseiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.452","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells home to injured tissues when co-infused with hematopoietic cells to treat a radiation-induced multi-organ failure syndrome.","volume":"5","author":"Chapel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2017.12.016","article-title":"MicroRNA-191, regulated by HIF-2\u03b1, is involved in EMT and acquisition of a stem cell-like phenotype in arsenite-transformed human liver epithelial cells.","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro Int. J. Publ. Assoc. BIBRA"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001886","article-title":"Paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells recruit macrophages and endothelial lineage cells and enhance wound healing.","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.03.034","article-title":"Effect on left ventricular function of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in patients with acute myocardial infarction.","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520905853","article-title":"Application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for muscle healing after contusion injury in mice.","volume":"48","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176269","article-title":"Anti-fibrotic effect of human Wharton\u2019s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on skeletal muscle cells, mediated by secretion of MMP-1.","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120435","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicle decoy receptor-mediated modulation of the IL6 trans-signalling pathway in muscle.","volume":"266","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2657","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions.","volume":"107","author":"Corcione","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2147\/DNND.S170087","article-title":"Efficacy of stem cell therapy in ambulatory and nonambulatory children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Phase I-II.","volume":"8","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Degener. Neurol. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928:AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane.","volume":"44","author":"De Bari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthrit. Rheum."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3727\/096368911X580554","article-title":"Myogenic properties of human Mesenchymal stem cells derived from three different sources.","volume":"21","author":"De La Garza-Rodea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v99.10.3838","article-title":"Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli.","volume":"99","author":"Di Nicola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124356","article-title":"GLI1 and AXIN2 are distinctive markers of human Calvarial Mesenchymal stromal cells in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.","volume":"21","author":"Di Pietro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0548","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the differentiation of dendritic cells through an interleukin-6-dependent mechanism.","volume":"25","author":"Djouad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The international society for cellular therapy position statement.","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7012692","article-title":"Experimental strategies of mesenchymal stem cell propagation: adverse events and potential risk of functional changes.","volume":"2019","author":"Drela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184597","article-title":"Insights into the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells and its potential applications.","volume":"20","author":"Eleuteri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088685","article-title":"Ischemic preconditioning potentiates the protective effect of stem cells through secretion of Exosomes by targeting Mecp2 via miR-22.","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084153","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of C2C12 Myoblast and Myotube Exosome-like vesicles: a new paradigm for Myoblast-Myotube cross talk?","volume":"9","author":"Forterre","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197404000-00001","article-title":"Stromal cells responsible for transferring the microenvironment of the hemopoietic tissues. Cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo.","volume":"17","author":"Friedenstein","year":"1974","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21322","article-title":"The gap between the physiological and therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"34","author":"Galderisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82768","article-title":"Reengineering a transmembrane protein to treat muscular dystrophy using exon skipping.","volume":"125","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14113","article-title":"Conditioned medium from amniotic cells protects striatal degeneration and ameliorates motor deficits in the R6\/2 mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"23","author":"Giamp\u00e0","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5211com","article-title":"Evidence supporting paracrine hypothesis for Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cardiac protection and functional improvement.","volume":"20","author":"Gnecchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2018.4158","article-title":"Human Adipose-Derived CD146+ stem cells increase life span of a muscular dystrophy mouse model more efficiently than Mesenchymal stromal cells.","volume":"37","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L975","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00242.2013","article-title":"Conditioned media from mesenchymal stromal cells restore sodium transport and preserve epithelial permeability in an in vitro model of acute alveolar injury.","volume":"306","author":"Goolaerts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00149","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: challenges in clinical applications.","volume":"8","author":"Gowen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.04.006","article-title":"C2C12 myoblasts release micro-vesicles containing mtDNA and proteins involved in signal transduction.","volume":"316","author":"Guescini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3675627","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?","volume":"2019","author":"Gugliandolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.71","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"3","author":"Hardiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.01.150","article-title":"Activated T-cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines differentially regulate prostaglandin E2 secretion by mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"419","author":"Hegyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2016.1222617","article-title":"Immunomodulatory capacity of the local mesenchymal stem cells transplantation after severe skeletal muscle injury in female rats.","volume":"38","author":"Helal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020171","article-title":"Focus on extracellular vesicles: physiological role and signalling properties of Extracellular membrane vesicles.","volume":"17","author":"Iraci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520926462","article-title":"Exosomes isolated from platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells promote recovery of function after muscle injury.","volume":"48","author":"Iyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20904","article-title":"Biologic properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue.","volume":"99","author":"Izadpanah","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt111","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for attenuation of scar formation during wound healing.","volume":"3","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.03.006","article-title":"Transgenic mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"1762","author":"Julien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03035-2","article-title":"Exosomes: from carcinogenesis and metastasis to diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.","volume":"76","author":"Kahroba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3727\/000000007783464939","article-title":"Comparison of Mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues to suppress T-Cell activation.","volume":"16","author":"Keyser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/491497","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and the role of inflammation in skeletal muscle repair.","volume":"2013","author":"Kharraz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Inflamm."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells suppress muscle atrophy induced by Hindlimb suspension.","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2016.06.010","article-title":"Conditioned medium derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regenerates atrophied muscles.","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-018-6804-z","article-title":"Improvement in left ventricular function with intracoronary Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a patient with anterior wall st-segment elevation myocardial infarction.","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.8.1305","article-title":"Isolation, characterization, and in vitro proliferation of canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, and periosteum.","volume":"73","author":"Kisiel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4285215","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells and tissue-specific progenitor cells: their role in tissue homeostasis.","volume":"2016","author":"Klimczak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-018-0509-7","article-title":"Muscle Stem\/progenitor cells and Mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin for skeletal muscle regeneration in muscular dystrophies.","volume":"66","author":"Klimczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051119","article-title":"Co-Transplantation of bone marrow-MSCs and Myogenic Stem\/progenitor cells from adult donors improves muscle function of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.","volume":"9","author":"Klimczak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.18-09-03241.1998","article-title":"Massive mitochondrial degeneration in motor neurons triggers the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice expressing a mutant SOD1.","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00109","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in physiology, pathology, and therapy of the immune and central nervous system, with focus on extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic tools.","volume":"10","author":"Koniusz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2016.125","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effects of human Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on skeletal muscle cells mediated via secretion of XCL1.","volume":"24","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox152","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells as natural biofactories for exosomes carrying miR-124a in the treatment of gliomas.","volume":"20","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.09.004","article-title":"Lim mineralization protein is involved in the premature calvarial ossification in sporadic Craniosynostoses.","volume":"52","author":"Lattanzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.02.001","article-title":"Cotransplantation of HLA-identical sibling culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells in hematologic malignancy patients.","volume":"11","author":"Lazarus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3209","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and the innate immune system.","volume":"12","author":"Le Blanc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2018.1522012","article-title":"miRNA-based therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a safe cell-free treatment to ameliorate radiation-induced brain injury.","volume":"95","author":"Leavitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.069","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in vitro.","volume":"479","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23612","article-title":"A randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy.","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23250","article-title":"Therapeutic factors secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells and tissue repair.","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.12.018","article-title":"Exosome-mediated improvement in membrane integrity and muscle function in dystrophic mice.","volume":"29","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-008-9235-2","article-title":"Paracrine action mediate the antifibrotic effect of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of global heart failure.","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2084","article-title":"Transplantation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stems cells for the treatment of Becker muscular dystrophy in affected pedigree members.","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9322-9","article-title":"Ribonuclease 4 protects neuron degeneration by promoting angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival under stress.","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1598","article-title":"Human Mesenchymal stem cells license adult CD34+ Hemopoietic progenitor cells to differentiate into regulatory dendritic cells through activation of the Notch pathway.","volume":"180","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2010.510502","article-title":"Improved motor function in dko mice by intravenous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1051-6","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of local BM-MSCs for skeletal muscle regeneration: a proof of concept obtained on a pig model of severe radiation burn.","volume":"9","author":"Linard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1984879","article-title":"Current methods for skeletal muscle tissue repair and regeneration.","volume":"2018","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bio Med. Res. Int."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0538","article-title":"Breast cancer stem cells are regulated by mesenchymal stem cells through cytokine networks.","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.16-0363","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as mediators of anti-inflammatory effects: endorsement of macrophage polarization: msc-derived ev promote macrophage polarization.","volume":"6","author":"Lo Sicco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212642","article-title":"Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate immunomodulatory potential for therapeutic use in horses.","volume":"14","author":"Longhini","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0220-7","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-122-modified adipose tissue-derived MSCs increase chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"8","author":"Lou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol.J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2020.0167","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes promote muscle healing following contusion through macrophage polarization.","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14190","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats.","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0151-y","article-title":"Denervation-activated STAT3-IL-6 signalling in fibro-adipogenic progenitors promotes myofibres atrophy and fibrosis.","volume":"20","author":"Madaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02928-1","article-title":"CXCL12 and osteopontin from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve muscle regeneration.","volume":"7","author":"Maeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2193","article-title":"Human amnion favours tissue repair by inducing the M1-to-M2 switch and enhancing M2 macrophage features.","volume":"11","author":"Magatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7633.S11-004","article-title":"\u201cMix of Mics\u201d- phenotypic and biological heterogeneity of \u201cMultipotent\u201d muscle interstitial cells (MICs).","author":"Malecova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.05.034","article-title":"Systemic treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates clinical and pathological features in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis murine model.","volume":"248","author":"Marconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37421","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b10126","article-title":"Hydrogel-mediated sustained systemic delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improves hepatic regeneration in chronic liver failure.","volume":"11","author":"Mardpour","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interf."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2009.02.013","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: emerging therapy for duchenne muscular dystrophy.","volume":"1","author":"Markert","year":"2009","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109305","article-title":"Paracrine-mediated neuroprotection and neuritogenesis of axotomised retinal ganglion cells by human dental pulp stem cells: comparison with human bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"9","author":"Mead","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2017.0089","article-title":"Protein and molecular characterization of a clinically compliant amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle fraction capable of accelerating muscle regeneration through enhancement of angiogenesis.","volume":"26","author":"Mellows","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.071","article-title":"Amniotic liquid derived stem cells as reservoir of secreted angiogenic factors capable of stimulating neo-arteriogenesis in an ischemic model.","volume":"32","author":"Mirabella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2025","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a non-satellite cell muscle resident progenitor during postnatal development.","volume":"12","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1213-1","article-title":"Secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through synergistic action of extracellular vesicle cargo and soluble proteins.","volume":"10","author":"Mitchell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0084","article-title":"In vitro evidence of the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells in cervical cancer and their role in protecting cancer cells from cytotoxic T cell activity.","volume":"22","author":"Montesinos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-020-00288-y","article-title":"Comparative study on bone marrow-versus adipose-derived stem cells on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle injury in wistar rats.","volume":"17","author":"Moussa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201202096","article-title":"Fibroadipogenic progenitors mediate the ability of HDAC inhibitors to promote regeneration in dystrophic muscles of young, but not old Mdx mice.","volume":"5","author":"Mozzetta","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2019.5370","article-title":"Safety, feasibility of intravenous and Intrathecal injection of Autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an open label Phase I clinical trial.","volume":"20","author":"Nabavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.03.031","article-title":"Mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived exosomes accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration.","volume":"589","author":"Nakamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000267918.07906.08","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells: involvement of HLA-G.","volume":"84","author":"Nasef","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2080","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit generation and function of both CD34+-derived and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.","volume":"1950","author":"Nauta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Baltim. Md"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1905","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E 2 -dependent reprogramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production.","volume":"15","author":"N\u00e9meth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199907000-00006","article-title":"Muscle strain injury: diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"7","author":"Noonan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X687570","article-title":"Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced severe colitis in rats.","volume":"24","author":"Onishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3727\/215517912X653319","article-title":"Comparison of Gingiva, dental pulp, and periodontal ligament cells from the standpoint of Mesenchymal stem cell properties.","volume":"4","author":"Otabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Med."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2018.11.002","article-title":"A molecular dynamics based investigation reveals the role of rare Ribonuclease 4 variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis susceptibility.","volume":"813","author":"Padhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0594","article-title":"Concise review: isolation and characterization of cells from human term placenta: outcome of the first international workshop on placenta derived stem cells.","volume":"26","author":"Parolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.07.042","article-title":"Paclitaxel is incorporated by mesenchymal stromal cells and released in exosomes that inhibit in vitro tumor growth: a new approach for drug delivery.","volume":"192","author":"Pascucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release Off. J. Control. Release Soc."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-013118-111902","article-title":"Exosomes.","volume":"88","author":"Pegtel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/376918","article-title":"Effects of human Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton\u2019s Jelly of the umbilical cord and conditioned media on skeletal muscle regeneration using a myectomy model.","volume":"2014","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25953","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia in long-term in vitro expansion of human bone marrow derived Mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"118","author":"Pezzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-011-9304-0","article-title":"Local injections of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate inflammation and increase angiogenesis ameliorating the dystrophic phenotype in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle.","volume":"8","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001864","article-title":"Protection of brain injury by amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted metabolites.","volume":"44","author":"Pischiutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0141-y","article-title":"Stem cells isolated from human dental pulp and amniotic fluid improve skeletal muscle histopathology in mdx\/SCID mice.","volume":"6","author":"Pisciotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.211","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells (MSCs): role as guardians of inflammation.","volume":"20","author":"Prockop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13170","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-181-5p-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent liver fibrosis via autophagy activation.","volume":"21","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B130","first-page":"25","article-title":"Regenerative potential of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells harvested from high caries patient\u2019s teeth.","volume":"8","author":"Rajendran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"B131","first-page":"141","article-title":"Human Umbilical cord Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and feasibility study in India.","volume":"10","author":"Rajput","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000244572.24780.54","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit dendritic cell differentiation and function by preventing entry into the cell cycle.","volume":"83","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.44","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: toward cell-free therapeutic applications.","volume":"23","author":"Rani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000082540.43730.80","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the formation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but not activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes or natural killer cells.","volume":"76","author":"Rasmusson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6098","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1031851100","article-title":"Inducible expression of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in mice inhibits lung epithelial cell death induced by hyperoxia.","volume":"100","author":"Ray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-009-9094-9","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell marker expression pattern in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, heart and dermis.","volume":"5","author":"Riekstina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3516574","article-title":"Comparative analysis of human Mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord, dental pulp, and menstrual blood as sources for cell therapy.","volume":"2016","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000214462.63943.14","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease.","volume":"81","author":"Ringden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678649","article-title":"Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal cell mobilization by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor after acute myocardial infarction: results from the stem cells in myocardial infarction (STEMMI) trial.","volume":"116","author":"Ripa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.03.012","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the nano-sized vesicles released by muscle cells.","volume":"587","author":"Romancino","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4630","article-title":"Long-term cultures of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells frequently undergo spontaneous malignant transformation.","volume":"69","author":"R\u00f8sland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046956","article-title":"Characterization of the conditioned medium from amniotic membrane cells: prostaglandins as key effectors of its immunomodulatory activity.","volume":"7","author":"Rossi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6990","DOI":"10.1039\/c8nr08720b","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles induce minimal hepatotoxicity and immunogenicity.","volume":"11","author":"Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202050863","article-title":"HDAC inhibitors tune miRNAs in extracellular vesicles of dystrophic muscle-resident mesenchymal cells.","volume":"21","author":"Sandon\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X546553","article-title":"Inhibition of T-cell proliferation by Murine Multipotent Mesenchymal stromal cells is mediated by CD39 expression and adenosine generation.","volume":"20","author":"Sattler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-012-9380-9","article-title":"Systemic delivery of human Mesenchymal stromal cells combined with IGF-1 enhances muscle functional recovery in LAMA2dy\/2jDystrophic mice.","volume":"9","author":"Secco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181a1719b","article-title":"Muscular dystrophy therapy by nonautologous mesenchymal stem cells: muscle regeneration without immunosuppression and inflammation.","volume":"87","author":"Shabbir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00534","article-title":"New technologies for analysis of extracellular vesicles.","volume":"118","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-1550-0","article-title":"Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate IL-6-induced acute liver injury through miR-455-3p.","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.890078","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy - a case report.","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Case Rep."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.02.007","article-title":"Exosome-formed synthetic microRNA-143 is transferred to osteosarcoma cells and inhibits their migration.","volume":"445","author":"Shimbo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001395","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes as a cell-free therapy for nerve injury-induced pain in rats.","volume":"160","author":"Shiue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-146","article-title":"Phenotype, donor age and gender affect function of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.","volume":"11","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2015.00162","article-title":"The long path of human placenta, and its derivatives, in regenerative medicine.","volume":"3","author":"Silini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130230","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of inflammation.","volume":"6","author":"Singer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0359","article-title":"Interactions between human Mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells.","volume":"24","author":"Sotiropoulou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0043","article-title":"Immunological properties of extraembryonic human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from gestational tissue.","volume":"22","author":"Stubbendorff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174312","article-title":"Human umbilical cord Mesenchymal stem cells extricate Bupivacaine-impaired skeletal muscle function via mitigating Neutrophil-mediated acute inflammation and protecting against fibrosis.","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8211","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells induce functionally active t-regulatory lymphocytes in a Paracrine fashion and ameliorate experimental autoimmune Uveitis.","volume":"53","author":"Tasso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006950","article-title":"Cardiac and skeletal muscle effects in the randomized HOPE-Duchenne trial.","volume":"92","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines.","volume":"7","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.012","article-title":"Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy.","volume":"150","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.098285","article-title":"Shared signaling systems in myeloid cell-mediated muscle regeneration.","volume":"141","author":"Tidball","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2008.02.002","article-title":"Reduction of myocardial infarct size by human mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium.","volume":"1","author":"Timmers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0620","article-title":"Sarcoma derived from cultured mesenchymal stem cells.","volume":"25","author":"Tolar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0102.101442","article-title":"Human Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to a cardiomyocyte phenotype in the adult Murine heart.","volume":"105","author":"Toma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.05.045","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells promote formation of colorectal tumors in mice.","volume":"141","author":"Tsai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130071","article-title":"IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation.","volume":"210","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2014","article-title":"Mesenchymal progenitors distinct from satellite cells contribute to ectopic fat cell formation in skeletal muscle.","volume":"12","author":"Uezumi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.086629","article-title":"Fibrosis and adipogenesis originate from a common mesenchymal progenitor in skeletal muscle.","volume":"124","author":"Uezumi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-014-9537-9","article-title":"Human Adipose tissue derived pericytes increase life span in utrntm1KedDmdmdx\/J mice.","volume":"10","author":"Valadares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.05.016","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation extends survival, improves motor performance and decreases neuroinflammation in mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"31","author":"Vercelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519876323","article-title":"Exosomes isolated from adipose-derived stem cells: a new cell-free approach to prevent the muscle degeneration associated with torn rotator cuffs.","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.964684","article-title":"MicroRNA-494 targeting both Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic proteins protects against ischemia\/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury.","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12316","article-title":"Immunomodulatory placental-expanded, mesenchymal stromal cells improve muscle function following hip arthroplasty.","volume":"9","author":"Winkler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1129","article-title":"Exosome-Mediated Transfer of miR-133b from Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal cells to neural cells contributes to neurite outgrowth.","volume":"30","author":"Xin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1409","article-title":"MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles.","volume":"31","author":"Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1446-z","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-133b suppresses glioma progression via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway by targeting EZH2.","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1577-0","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells from primary breast cancer tissue promote cancer proliferation and enhance mammosphere formation partially via EGF\/EGFR\/Akt pathway.","volume":"132","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2009.41.5.035","article-title":"Soluble mediators from mesenchymal stem cells suppress T cell proliferation by inducing IL-10.","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0876-3","article-title":"Changes in phenotype and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro.","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/57460","article-title":"Exosome: a novel and safer therapeutic refinement of Mesenchymal Stem Cell.","volume":"1","author":"Yeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exosomes Microvesicles"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.12.043","article-title":"Exosomes secreted from GATA-4 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells serve as a reservoir of anti-apoptotic microRNAs for cardioprotection.","volume":"182","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.12.009","article-title":"Monitoring transplanted adipose tissue-derived stem cells combined with heparin in the liver by fluorescence imaging using quantum dots.","volume":"33","author":"Yukawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300908","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of a distinct population of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted molecules in mice with acute hepatic failure.","volume":"61","author":"Zagoura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240902806986","article-title":"Multiple administrations of human marrow stromal cells through cerebrospinal fluid prolong survival in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29264","article-title":"MiR-20a-containing exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviates liver ischemia\/reperfusion injury.","volume":"235","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240701376413","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate the phenotype of SOD1-G93A ALS mice.","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102540","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles and lupus nephritis - new insights into pathophysiology and clinical implications.","volume":"115","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B190","first-page":"1826","article-title":"miRNA-9 expression is upregulated in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 transgenic mice.","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.03.007","article-title":"Cancer-secreted miR-105 destroys vascular endothelial barriers to promote metastasis.","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2017.1324730","article-title":"Comprehensive toxicity and immunogenicity studies reveal minimal effects in mice following sustained dosing of extracellular vesicles derived from HEK293T cells.","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.164","article-title":"Treatment of brain inflammatory diseases by delivering exosome encapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs from the nasal region to the brain.","volume":"19","author":"Zhuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-02-0105","article-title":"Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells.","volume":"13","author":"Zuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.652970\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T05:46:22Z","timestamp":1620884782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.652970\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":194,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2021.652970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.652970","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"article-number":"652970"}}