{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:27:31Z","timestamp":1778542051521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Apolipoprotein-based drug delivery is a promising approach to develop safe nanoparticles capable of targeted drug delivery for various diseases. In this work, we have synthesized a lipid-based nanoparticle (NPs) that we have called \u201cAposomes\u201d presenting native apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), the primary protein present in Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) on its surface. The aposomes were synthesized from LDL isolated from blood plasma using a microfluidic approach. The synthesized aposomes had a diameter of 91 \u00b1 4\u00a0nm and a neutral surface charge of 0.7\u00a0mV \u00b1 mV. Protein analysis using western blot and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of apoB-100 on the nanoparticle\u2019s surface. Furthermore, Aposomes retained liposomes\u2019 drug loading capabilities, demonstrating a prolonged release curve with \u223c80% cargo release at 4\u00a0hours. Considering the natural tropism of LDL towards the atherosclerotic plaques, we evaluated the biological properties of aposomes in a mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis. We observed a \u223c20-fold increase in targeting of plaques when comparing aposomes to control liposomes. Additionally, aposomes presented a favorable biocompatibility profile that showed no deviation from typical values in liver toxicity markers (i.e., LDH, ALT, AST, Cholesterol). The results of this study demonstrate the possibilities of using apolipoprotein-based approaches to create nanoparticles with active targeting capabilities and could be the basis for future cardiovascular therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.794676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:12:46Z","timestamp":1638403966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["LDL-Based Lipid Nanoparticle Derived for Blood Plasma Accumulates Preferentially in Atherosclerotic Plaque"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Boada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assaf","family":"Zinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Rohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan O.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Evangelopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Molinaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramiro Alejandro","family":"Villarreal-Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Sushnitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens B.","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Shevkoplyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Taraballi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ennio","family":"Tasciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.03.020","article-title":"Doxil - The First FDA-Approved Nano-Drug: Lessons Learned","volume":"160","author":"Barenholz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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