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Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mechanical or biological aortic valves are incorporated in physical cardiac simulators for surgical training, educational purposes, and device testing. They suffer from limitations including either a lack of anatomical and biomechanical accuracy or a short lifespan, hence limiting the authentic hands-on learning experience. Medical schools utilize hearts from human cadavers for teaching and research, but these formaldehyde-fixed aortic valves contort and stiffen relative to native valves. Here, we compare a panel of different chemical treatment methods on explanted porcine aortic valves and evaluate the microscopic and macroscopic features of each treatment with a primary focus on mechanical function. A surfactant-based decellularization method after formaldehyde fixation is shown to have mechanical properties close to those of the native aortic valve. Valves treated in this method were integrated into a custom-built left heart cardiac simulator to test their hemodynamic performance. This decellularization, post-fixation technique produced aortic valves which have ultimate stress and elastic modulus in the range of the native leaflets. Decellularization of fixed valves reduced the valvular regurgitation by 60% compared to formaldehyde-fixed valves. This fixation method has implications for scenarios where the dynamic function of preserved valves is required, such as in surgical trainers or device test rigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.803183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T05:46:23Z","timestamp":1641447983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Decellularization Following Fixation of Explanted Aortic Valves as a Strategy for Preserving Native Mechanical Properties and Function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen T.","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image Processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abr\u00e0moff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics Int."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-4975(00)01977-9","article-title":"Isolated Four-Chamber Working Swine Heart Model","volume":"70","author":"Chinchoy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. 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