{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:14:27Z","timestamp":1782364467447,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51973226 8197090038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51973226 8197090038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011345","name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lidocaine, a potent local anesthetic, is clinically used in nerve block and pain management. However, due to its short half-life, repeated administration is required. For this reason, here we designed and prepared a lidocaine-encapsulated polylactic acid-glycolic acid (Lidocaine@PLGA) microcapsule with ultrasound responsiveness to relieve the sciatica nerve pain. With a premixed membrane emulsification strategy, the fabricated lidocaine-embedded microcapsules possessed uniform particle size, good stability, injectability, and long-term sustained release both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. More importantly, Lidocaine@PLGA microcapsules had the function of ultrasonic responsive release, which made the drug release controllable with the effect of on-off administration. Our research showed that using ultrasound as a trigger switch could promote the rapid release of lidocaine from the microcapsules, achieving the dual effects of long-term sustained release and short-term ultrasound-triggered rapid release, which can enable the application of ultrasound-responsive Lidocaine@PLGA microcapsules to nerve root block and postoperative pain relief.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1072205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1669273003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Fabrication of a controlled-release delivery system for relieving sciatica nerve pain using an ultrasound-responsive microcapsule"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taotao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.01.008","article-title":"Ultrasoundmediated blood-brain barrier disruption for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system","volume":"72","author":"Aryal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. 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