{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T12:42:36Z","timestamp":1778848956100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-16-1-0734 W81XWH-16-1-0735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-1-0734 W81XWH-16-1-0735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a debilitating disease that is a result of a breakdown of knee joint tissues following traumatic impact. The interplay of how these tissues influence each other has received little attention because of complex interactions. This study was designed to correlate the degeneration of the menisci, cartilage and subchondral bone following an acute traumatic event that resulted in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus tears. We used a well-defined impact injury animal model that ruptures the ACL and tears the menisci. Subsequently, the knee joints underwent ACL reconstruction and morphological analyses were performed on the menisci, cartilage and subchondral bone at 1-, 3- and 6-months following injury. The results showed that the morphological scores of the medial and lateral menisci worsened with time, as did the tibial plateau and femoral condyle articular cartilage scores. The medial meniscus was significantly correlated to the medial tibial subchondral bone at 1\u00a0month (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), and to the medial tibial cartilage at 3\u00a0months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). There was only one significant correlation in the lateral hemijoint, i.e., the lateral tibial cartilage to the lateral tibial subchondral bone at 6\u00a0months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.05). These data may suggest that, following trauma, the observed medial meniscal damage should be treated acutely by means other than a full or partial meniscectomy, since that procedure may have been the primary cause of degenerative changes in the underlying cartilage and subchondral bone. In addition to potentially treating meniscal damage differently, improvements could be made in optimizing treatment of acute knee trauma. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.835730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T22:33:55Z","timestamp":1647988435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Morphological Study of the Meniscus, Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Following Closed-Joint Traumatic Impact to the Knee"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"T. L.","family":"Haut Donahue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. E.","family":"Narez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Dejardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. C.","family":"Haut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32503-1","article-title":"Menisci Protect Chondrocytes from Load-Induced Injury","volume":"8","author":"Abusara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181ec4712","article-title":"Protective Effect of P188 in the Model of Acute Trauma to Human Ankle Cartilage: The Mechanism of Action","volume":"24","author":"Bajaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.03.008","article-title":"Efficacy of P188 on Lapine Meniscus Preservation Following Blunt Trauma","volume":"47","author":"Coatney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan5372","DOI":"10.1126\/SCITRANSLMED.AAN5372","article-title":"Targeting Mitochondrial Responses to Intra-Articular Fracture to Prevent Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0033-8389(03)00161-1","article-title":"An Update on the Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Osteoarthritis","volume":"42","author":"Felson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiologic Clin. North America"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-13823","article-title":"Long-Term Outcome of Operative or Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture -Is Sports Activity a Determining Variable?","volume":"22","author":"Fink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.11.038","article-title":"Chronic Changes in the Articular Cartilage and Meniscus Following Traumatic Impact to the Lapine Knee","volume":"48","author":"Fischenich","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/JOR.23275","article-title":"Comparison of Two Models of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis; Temporal Degradation of Articular Cartilage and Menisci","volume":"35","author":"Fischenich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0710011","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4027468","article-title":"Evaluation of Meniscal Mechanics and Proteoglycan Content in a Modified Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model","volume":"136","author":"Fischenich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. biomechanical Eng."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.10.010","article-title":"A Study of Acute and Chronic Tissue Changes in Surgical and Traumatically-Induced Experimental Models of Knee Joint Injury Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Micro-Computed Tomography","volume":"25","author":"Fischenich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111429419","article-title":"The Basic Science of Human Knee Menisci","volume":"4","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JOCA.2010.05.030","article-title":"The OARSI Histopathology Initiative - Recommendations for Histological Assessments of Osteoarthritis in the Rat","volume":"18","author":"Gerwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and cartilage"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/NRRHEUM.2016.148","article-title":"Changes in the Osteochondral Unit during Osteoarthritis: Structure, Function and Cartilage-Bone Crosstalk","volume":"12","author":"Goldring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3390\/ANI9100754","article-title":"The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change","volume":"9","author":"Hubrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/ART.21724","article-title":"The Association of Meniscal Pathologic Changes with Cartilage Loss in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Hunter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21022","article-title":"Acute Repair of Chondrocytes in the Rabbit Tibiofemoral Joint Following blunt Impact Using P188 Surfactant and a Preliminary Investigation of its Long-Term Efficacy","volume":"28","author":"Isaac","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"064501","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4001111","article-title":"Development of a Traumatic Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Rupture Model with a Pilot In Vivo Study","volume":"132","author":"Isaac","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. biomechanical Eng."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.02.004","article-title":"Relationship between Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Lesions in Repetitive Impact Trauma-Induced Equine Osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Lacourt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0761-2","article-title":"The Role of Meniscal Root Pathology and Radial Meniscal Tear in Medial Meniscal Extrusion","volume":"33","author":"Lerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4405","article-title":"Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritis: Insight into Risk Factors and Microstructural Changes","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JOCA.2021.09.005","article-title":"Tibiofemoral Articular Cartilage Composition Differs Based on Serum Biochemical Profiles Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","volume":"29","author":"Lisee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and cartilage"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JOCA.2007.07.007","article-title":"Meniscal Damage Associated with Increased Local Subchondral Bone Mineral Density: A Framingham Study","volume":"16","author":"Lo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S327","DOI":"10.1016\/J.OTSR.2015.09.008","article-title":"Meniscectomy Versus Meniscal Repair: 10years Radiological and Clinical Results in Vertical Lesions in Stable Knee","volume":"101","author":"Lutz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopaedics Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20027","article-title":"Analysis of Cartilage Biomarkers in the Early Phases of Canine Experimental Osteoarthritis","volume":"50","author":"Matyas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050259","article-title":"Meniscal Position on Routine MR Imaging of the Knee","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110630","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JBIOMECH.2021.110630","article-title":"Assessment of Changes in the Meniscus and Subchondral Bone in a Novel Closed-Joint Impact and Surgical Reconstruction Lapine Model","volume":"126","author":"Narez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4052564","article-title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Combined P188 Treatment and Surgical Intervention in Preventing Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Following a Traumatic Knee Injury","volume":"144","author":"Narez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104406","article-title":"A Single Dose of P188 Prevents Cell Death in Meniscal Explants Following Impact Injury","volume":"117","author":"Narez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41012","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2939368","article-title":"P188 Reduces Cell Death and IGF-I Reduces GAG Release Following Single-Impact Loading of Articular Cartilage","volume":"130","author":"Natoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.03.007","article-title":"Anti-Apoptotic Treatments Prevent Cartilage Degradation after Acute Trauma to Human Ankle Cartilage","volume":"17","author":"Pascual Garrido","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.05.008","article-title":"Macroscopic and Histopathologic Analysis of Human Knee Menisci in Aging and Osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Pauli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22975","article-title":"Assessment of Cortical and Trabecular Bone Changes in Two Models of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis","volume":"33","author":"Pauly","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARTHRO.2011.03.088","article-title":"Meniscal Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy: A Systematic Review Comparing Reoperation Rates and Clinical Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Paxton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthroscopic Relat. Surg."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4024fje","article-title":"Mechanisms of Cell Death and Neuroprotection by Poloxamer 188 after Mechanical Trauma","volume":"20","author":"Serbest","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB j."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23462","article-title":"Relationship of Meniscal Damage, Meniscal Extrusion, Malalignment, and Joint Laxity to Subsequent Cartilage Loss in Osteoarthritic Knees","volume":"58","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.008136","article-title":"High Prevalence of Osteoarthritis 14 Years after an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear in Male Soccer Players: A Study of Radiographic and Patient Relevant Outcomes","volume":"63","author":"von Porat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02156-5","article-title":"Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Following ACL Injury","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.01.002","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Changes of Subchondral Bone Proceed to Microscopic Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq034","article-title":"Meniscal Extrusion Predicts Increases in Subchondral Bone Marrow Lesions and Bone Cysts and Expansion of Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritic Knees","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13643","article-title":"Reconstruction of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament Using a Semitendinosus Autograft in a Lapine Model","volume":"50","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/S10439-022-02903-6","article-title":"Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Rabbits Following Traumatic Injury and Surgical Reconstruction of the Knee","volume":"50","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JOCA.2015.02.021","article-title":"Outcomes Associated with Early Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis and Other Negative Health Consequences 3-10 Years Following Knee Joint Injury in Youth Sport","volume":"23","author":"Whittaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/s1063-4584(05)80318-8","article-title":"Characterization of a Model of Osteoarthritis in the Rabbit Knee","volume":"4","author":"Yoshioka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510391179","article-title":"Prospective Long-Term Outcomes of the Medial Collagen Meniscus Implant Versus Partial Medial Meniscectomy","volume":"39","author":"Zaffagnini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/606870","article-title":"Subchondral Bone Plate Thickening Precedes Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Cartilage Degradation in Spontaneous Animal Models of Osteoarthritis","volume":"2014","author":"Zamli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.835730\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T22:33:59Z","timestamp":1647988439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.835730\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2022.835730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.835730","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"article-number":"835730"}}