{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:10:13Z","timestamp":1787026213005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Otitis media (OM) is a common disease in children. One of the most common pathogens causing OM is non-typeable\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>NTHi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the middle ear can be successfully eradicated by a regimen of oral antibiotics sustained for 7\u201310\u00a0days (e.g., cefuroxime axetil 250\u00a0mg\/day for patients aged 3\u00a0months to 2\u00a0years and 500\u00a0mg\/day for patients ages \u22652\u00a0years). However, lack of compliance is relevant to treatment failure or early relapse. In order to overcome these challenges, we have developed antibiotics-loaded bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) that can adhere to the epidermis of the middle ear after local administration and significantly prolong the release time of antibiotics in the middle ear. Compared with oral administration of CA, local delivery of free antibiotic cefuroxime axetil (CA), and CA loaded non-bioadhesive nanoparticles (CA\/NNPs), BNPs loaded with cefuroxime axetil (CA\/BNPs) showed significantly longer retention time in the middle ear, resulting in continuous release of the drug and higher therapeutic efficacy against OM with only a single dosage. CA concentrations were maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for\n                    <jats:italic>NTHi<\/jats:italic>\n                    throughout 7\u00a0days\u2019 treatment.\n                    <jats:italic>NTHi<\/jats:italic>\n                    OM in a mouse model was successfully eradicated without causing tissue toxicity. CA\/BNPs minimize systemic drug exposure through local administration, as demonstrated by undetectable levels in the blood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.884797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T02:39:58Z","timestamp":1651199998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In Vivo Evaluation of Cefuroxime Axetil-Loaded Bioadhesive Nanoparticles to Treat Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Otitis Media"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.037","article-title":"Fabrication of Levofloxacin Polyethylene Glycol Decorated Nanoliposomes for Enhanced Management of Acute Otitis media: Statistical Optimization, Trans-tympanic Permeation and In Vivo Evaluation","volume":"559","author":"Abdelbary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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