{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:05:21Z","timestamp":1783465521251,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant pleural effusion is one of the most common complications of advanced lung cancer and there is no effective clinical treatment at present. Here, we constructed an aptamer-siRNA chimeras\/PEI\/PEG\/gold nanoparticle (AuNP)\/collagen membrane that can progressively activate T cells by layer by layer assembly. Electron microscope showed this collagen membrane could be divided into 10 layers with a total thickness of 50\u201380\u03bcm, and AuNPs could be observed. Aptamer-siRNA chimeras could bind specifically to OX40<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and silencing programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) gene. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments demonstrated that chimeras\/PEI\/PEG\/AuNPs gradually activated T cells to continuously kill lung adenocarcinoma cells in malignant pleural effusion. Animal experiments showed that chimeras\/PEI\/PEG\/AuNP\/collagen membrane effectively treated malignant pleural effusion. Compared with PD-1 inhibitor group, the number of cancer cells, ki-67 proliferation index and CD44 expression in the pleural effusion was significantly decreased and the lymphocyte\/cancer cell ratio was significantly increased in the chimeras\/AuNP-CM group. Flow cytometry showed that compared with PD-1 inhibitor group, T cell number in the chimeras\/AuNP-CM group was significantly increased, while the proportion of PD-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was markedly decreased. In conclusion, we constructed an chimeras\/PEI\/PEG\/AuNP\/collagen membrane, which was more effective in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion, and had less side effects than PD-1 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.973892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T07:04:42Z","timestamp":1661238282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aptamer-siRNA chimera and gold nanoparticle modified collagen membrane for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.02.015","article-title":"Phase I study of intrapleural gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy in patients with malignant pleural effusion","volume":"26","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. 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