{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T03:52:11Z","timestamp":1780458731376,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Developing a culture system that can effectively maintain chondrocyte phenotype and functionalization is a promising strategy for cartilage repair.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> An alginate\/collagen (ALG\/COL) hybrid hydrogel using different guluronate\/mannuronate acid ratio (G\/M ratio) of alginates (a G\/M ratio of 64\/36 and a G\/M ratio of 34\/66) with collagen was developed. The effects of G\/M ratios on the properties of hydrogels and their effects on the chondrocytes behaviors were evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The results showed that the mechanical stiffness of the hydrogel was significantly affected by the G\/M ratios of alginate. Chondrocytes cultured on Mid-G\/M hydrogels exhibited better viability and phenotype preservation. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of cartilage-specific genes, including SOX9, COL2, and aggrecan was increased while the expression of RAC and ROCK1 was decreased in chondrocytes cultured on Mid-G\/M hydrogels.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> These findings demonstrated that Mid-G\/M hydrogels provided suitable matrix conditions for cultivating chondrocytes and may be useful in cartilage tissue engineering. More importantly, the results indicated the importance of taking alginate G\/M ratios into account when designing alginate-based composite materials for cartilage tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1118975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T05:07:40Z","timestamp":1678165660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of the uronic acid composition of alginate in alginate\/collagen hybrid hydrogel on chondrocyte behavior"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Guoshuang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chundong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.016","article-title":"Hyaluronate-alginate hybrid hydrogels modified with biomimetic peptides for controlling the chondrocyte phenotype","volume":"197","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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