{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1790829895313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) needs new technologies for improving cancer diagnosis and therapy. It is a fatal disease with few options for the patients. In this context, dynamic culture systems coupling with patient-derived cancer 3D microstructures could offer a new opportunity for exploring novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we optimized a passive microfluidic platform with 3D cancer organoids, which allows a standardized approach among different patients, a minimum requirement of samples, multiple interrogations of biological events, and a rapid response. The passive flow was optimized to improve the growth of cancer organoids, avoiding the disruption of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Under optimized conditions of the OrganoFlow (tilting angle of 15\u00b0 and an interval of rocking every 8\u00a0min), the cancer organoids grow faster than when they are in static conditions and the number of dead cells is reduced over time. To calculate the <jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>50<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> values of standard chemotherapeutic drugs (carboplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin) and targeted drugs (ATRA), different approaches were utilized. Resazurin staining, ATP-based assay, and DAPI\/PI colocalization assays were compared, and the <jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>50<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> values were calculated. The results showed that in the passive flow, the <jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>50<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> values are lower than in static conditions. FITC-labeled paclitaxel shows a better penetration of ECM under passive flow than in static conditions, and cancer organoids start to die after 48\u00a0h instead of 96\u00a0h, respectively. Cancer organoids are the last frontiers for <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> testing of drugs that replicate the response of patients in the clinic. For this study, organoids derived from ascites or tissues of patients with Ovarian Cancer have been used. In conclusion, it was possible to develop a protocol for organoid cultures in a passive microfluidic platform with a higher growth rate, faster drug response, and better penetration of drugs into ECM, maintaining the samples\u2019 vitals and collecting the data on the same plate for up to 16 drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1135374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T04:16:33Z","timestamp":1681791393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["3D dynamic cultures of HGSOC organoids to model innovative and standard therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Cavarzerani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Bartoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Canzonieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Rizzolio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28611","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c03010","article-title":"Self-therapeutic cobalt hydroxide nanosheets (Co(OH)2NS) for ovarian cancer therapy","volume":"6","author":"Adeel","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50350j","article-title":"Microfluidic heart on a chip for higher throughput pharmacological studies","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab. 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