{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:45:52Z","timestamp":1793169952394,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":386,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders\u2014mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects\u2014one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs\u2019 mechanisms of action with respect to<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs\u2019 proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1139359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T16:56:43Z","timestamp":1678121803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jasmina","family":"Isakovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"\u0160erer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bari\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinko","family":"Mitre\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12111","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12111","article-title":"Exogenous loading of miRNAs into small extracellular vesicles","volume":"10","author":"Abreu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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