{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:35:58Z","timestamp":1788622558030,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloy materials are commonly used to develop artificial hearts. To prevent bacterial infections and thrombus in patients with implanted artificial hearts, long-term prophylactic antibiotics and anti-thrombotic drugs are required, and this may lead to health complications. Therefore, the development of optimized antibacterial and antifouling surfaces for Ti-based substrate is especially critical when designing artificial heart implants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this study, polydopamine and poly-(sulfobetaine methacrylate) polymers were co-deposited to form a coating on the surface of Ti substrate, a process initiated by Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> metal ions. The mechanism for the fabrication of the coating was investigated by coating thickness measurements as well as Ultraviolet\u2013visible and X-ray Photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. Characterization of the coating was observed by optical imaging, scanning electron microscope (SEM), XPS, atomic force microscope (AFM), water contact angle and film thickness. In addition, antibacterial property of the coating was tested using <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>) as model strains, while the material biocompatibility was assessed by the antiplatelet adhesion test using platelet-rich plasma and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cytotoxicity tests using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and red blood cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results and discussion:<\/jats:bold> Optical imaging, SEM, XPS, AFM, water contact angle, and film thickness tests demonstrated that the coating was successfully deposited on the Ti substrate surface. The biocompatibility and antibacterial assays showed that the developed surface holds great potential for improving the antibacterial and antiplatelet adhesion properties of Ti-based heart implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1167340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T09:21:45Z","timestamp":1681723305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Zwitterionic coating assisted by dopamine with metal-phenolic networks loaded on titanium with improved biocompatibility and antibacterial property for artificial heart"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lingwei","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuangxin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02184.x","article-title":"Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro","volume":"23","author":"Almaguer-Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. ORAL IMPLANTS Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000685","article-title":"Berlin heart EXCOR pediatric ventricular assist device for bridge to heart transplantation in US children","volume":"127","author":"Almond","year":"2013","journal-title":"CIRCULATION"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030464","article-title":"Essential oils and their major components: An updated review on antimicrobial activities, mechanism of action and their potential application in the food industry","volume":"11","author":"Angane","year":"2022","journal-title":"FOODS"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12754","DOI":"10.1021\/la4029782","article-title":"Comparison of synthetic dopamine-eumelanin formed in the presence of oxygen and Cu2+ cations as oxidants","volume":"29","author":"Ball","year":"2013","journal-title":"LANGMUIR"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12223741","article-title":"Properties of nanohydroxyapatite coatings doped with nanocopper, obtained by electrophoretic deposition on Ti13Zr13Nb alloy","volume":"12","author":"Bartmanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"MATERIALS"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1039\/c8cs00508g","article-title":"An introduction to zwitterionic polymer behavior and applications in solution and at surfaces","volume":"48","author":"Blackman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.038","article-title":"Heart failure-associated hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"61","author":"Blecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1039\/c6sc04692d","article-title":"Polydopamine and eumelanin molecular structures investigated with ab initio calculations","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2021.106552","article-title":"Rapid fabrication of zwitterionic coating on 316L stainless steel surface for marine biofouling resistance","volume":"161","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Org. COATINGS"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.08.100","article-title":"Preparation and antibacterial property of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration hybrid membrane containing halloysite nanotubes loaded with copper ions","volume":"210","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.10.036","article-title":"Review of titanium surface modification techniques and coatings for antibacterial applications","volume":"83","author":"Chouirfa","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACTA BIOMATER."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12771","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12771","article-title":"The first clinical pig heart transplant: Was IVIg or pig cytomegalovirus detrimental to the outcome?","volume":"29","author":"Cooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1236","article-title":"Advanced heart failure: A position statement of the heart failure association of the European society of cardiology","volume":"20","author":"Crespo-Leiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. HEART Fail."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2005.06.100","article-title":"Microstructure and antibacterial properties of AISI 420 stainless steel implanted by copper ions","volume":"492","author":"Dan","year":"2005","journal-title":"THIN SOLID FILMS"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6428","DOI":"10.1021\/la204831b","article-title":"Elucidating the structure of poly(dopamine)","volume":"28","author":"Dreyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"LANGMUIR"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00055","article-title":"Current strategies for modulating A beta aggregation with multifunctional agents","volume":"54","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACCOUNTS Chem. Res."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237265","article-title":"One-step assembly of coordination complexes for versatile film and particle engineering","volume":"341","author":"Ejima","year":"2013","journal-title":"SCIENCE"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.10.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of membrane targeting antibiotics","volume":"1858","author":"Epand","year":"2016","journal-title":"BIOCHIMICA BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1039\/d0mh01985b","article-title":"Polydopamine antibacterial materials","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. HORIZONS"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1355-y","article-title":"Copper: Toxicological relevance and mechanisms","volume":"88","author":"Gaetke","year":"2014","journal-title":"ARCHIVES Toxicol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.02.004","article-title":"Third annual report from the ishlt mechanically assisted circulatory support registry: A comparison of centrifugal and axial continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"38","author":"Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. HEART LUNG Transplant."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201422","article-title":"Genetically modified porcine-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation","volume":"387","author":"Griffith","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. HEART Fail."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306874","article-title":"Bioengineering human myocardium on native extracellular matrix","volume":"118","author":"Guyette","year":"2016","journal-title":"CIRCULATION Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E876","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001062","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: Executive summary: A report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"CIRCULATION"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1039\/c4tb01841a","article-title":"Novel SiO2\/PDA hybrid coatings to promote osteoblast-like cell expression on titanium implants","volume":"3","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201201156","article-title":"Non-covalent self-assembly and covalent polymerization Co-contribute to polydopamine formation","volume":"22","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5422-8","article-title":"Bioactivity, mechanism of action, and cytotoxicity of copper-based nanoparticles: A review","volume":"98","author":"Ingle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1021\/bm101281b","article-title":"Bioinspired polymerization of dopamine to generate melanin-like nanoparticles having an excellent free-radical-scavenging property","volume":"12","author":"Ju","year":"2011","journal-title":"BIOMACROMOLECULES"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.07.005","article-title":"Eighth annual INTERMACS report: Special focus on framing the impact of adverse events","volume":"36","author":"Kirklin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. HEART LUNG Transplant."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-017-4613-y","article-title":"Acute und chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Kresoja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.11.013","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs database annual report: Evolving indications, outcomes, and scientific partnerships","volume":"38","author":"Kormos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. HEART LUNG Transplant."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.065","article-title":"Antibiotics bioremediation: Perspectives on its ecotoxicity and resistance","volume":"124","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0815-3","article-title":"Cost-of-illness studies in heart failure: A systematic review 2004-2016","volume":"18","author":"Lesyuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23656","article-title":"Bacteria antibiotic resistance: New challenges and opportunities for implant-associated orthopedic infections","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111502","article-title":"Polydopamine-based nanomaterials and their potentials in advanced drug delivery and therapy","volume":"199","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"COLLOIDS SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10539","DOI":"10.1021\/la4020288","article-title":"Structure of polydopamine: A never-ending story?","volume":"29","author":"Liebscher","year":"2013","journal-title":"LANGMUIR"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16125","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c02143","article-title":"Stable fabrication of zwitterionic coating based on copper-phenolic Networks on contact lens with improved surface wettability and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. INTERFACES"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2012.03.106","article-title":"Corrosion and ion release behavior of Cu\/Ti film prepared via physical vapor deposition in vitro as potential biomaterials for cardiovascular devices","volume":"258","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8010046","article-title":"Recent advances in zwitterionic hydrogels: Preparation, property, and biomedical application","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"GELS"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b02320","article-title":"Bioinspired polydopamine\/polyzwitterion coatings for underwater anti-oil and -freezing surfaces","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"LANGMUIR"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900486","article-title":"A fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device - final report","volume":"380","author":"Mehra","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11610","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b06856","article-title":"Hydration layer structure of biofouling-resistant nanoparticles","volume":"12","author":"Molino","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz295","article-title":"Treatment of chronic left ventricular assist device infection with local application of bacteriophages","volume":"57","author":"Mulzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. CARDIO-THORACIC Surg."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5744","DOI":"10.1039\/c7cp08406d","article-title":"Polydopamine films change their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties with a change in reaction conditions","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2014.04.066","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of Ag+- and Cu2+-doped biphasic hydroxyapatite\/\u03b1-tricalcium phosphate obtained from hydrothermally synthesized Ag+- and Cu2+-doped hydroxyapatite","volume":"307","author":"Radovanovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-00111-9","article-title":"First pig-to-human heart transplant: What can scientists learn?","volume":"601","author":"Reardon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7523","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b19865","article-title":"Polydopamine surface chemistry: A decade of discovery","volume":"10","author":"Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. INTERFACES"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111382","article-title":"Organic and inorganic antibacterial approaches in combating bacterial infection for biomedical application","volume":"118","author":"Saidin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C-MATERIALS Biol. Appl."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.12.011","article-title":"Twelfth interagency registry for mechanically assisted circulatory support report: Readmissions after left ventricular assist device","volume":"113","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.11.031","article-title":"Degradation behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and antibacterial properties of electro-deposited Zn-Cu metal foams as potential biodegradable bone implants","volume":"102","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACTA BIOMATER."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13681","article-title":"Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper","volume":"124","author":"Vincent","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.08.095","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell secretions improve donor heart function following ex vivo cold storage","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.04.024","article-title":"Copper single-atom catalysts with photothermal performance and enhanced nanozyme activity for bacteria-infected wound therapy","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8195","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b02262","article-title":"Tunable, metal-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles analyzed by magnetometry","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2021.119976","article-title":"Novel thin-film composite membrane with polydopamine-modified polyethylene support and tannic acid-Fe3+ interlayer for forward osmosis applications","volume":"642","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7278","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137278","article-title":"Recent development of polydopamine anti-bacterial nanomaterials","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5220","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b01876","article-title":"Metal-phenolic surfaces for generating therapeutic nitric oxide gas","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1021\/la500917s","article-title":"Surface zwitterionization of titanium for a general bio-inert control of plasma proteins, blood cells, tissue cells, and bacteria","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"LANGMUIR"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34356","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11092","article-title":"Dopamine-Triggered one-step polymerization and codeposition of acrylate monomers for functional coatings","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. INTERFACES"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877738","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.877738","article-title":"Ag-incorporated polydopamine\/tannic acid coating on titanium with enhanced cytocompatible and antibacterial properties","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008720","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008720","article-title":"Copper clusters: An effective antibacterial for eradicating multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in vitro and in vivo","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.121802","article-title":"Fe3+ ions induced rapid co-deposition of polydopamine-polyethyleneimine for monovalent selective cation exchange membrane fabrication","volume":"300","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.10.056","article-title":"Mortality following durable left ventricular assist device implantation by timing and type of first infection","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.01.037","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cPolydopamine\/poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) Co-deposition coatings triggered by CuSO4\/H2O2 on implants for improved surface hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity\u201d [ Bioactive materials 6 (2021) 2546\u20132556]","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1167340\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T09:21:49Z","timestamp":1681723309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1167340\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1167340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1167340","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"article-number":"1167340"}}