{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:07:57Z","timestamp":1790154477861,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Hybrids consist of inorganic and organic co-networks that are indistinguishable above the nanoscale, which can lead to unprecedented combinations of properties, such as high toughness and controlled degradation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We present 3D printed bioactive hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration, produced by incorporating calcium into our \u201cBouncy Bioglass\u201d, using calcium methoxyethoxide (CME) as the calcium precursor. SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CaO\n                    <jats:sub>CME<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/PTHF\/PCL-diCOOH hybrid \u201cinks\u201d for additive manufacturing (Direct Ink Writing) were optimised for synergy of mechanical properties and open interconnected pore channels.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results and Discussion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Adding calcium improved printability. Changing calcium content (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol.%) of the SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CaO\n                    <jats:sub>CME<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/PTHF\/PCL-diCOOH hybrids affected printability and mechanical properties of the lattice-like scaffolds. Hybrids containing 30 mol.% calcium in the inorganic network (70S30C\n                    <jats:sub>CME<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CL) printed with 500\u00a0\u00b5m channels and 100\u00a0\u00b5m strut size achieved the highest strength (0.90 \u00b1 0.23\u00a0MPa) and modulus of toughness (0.22 \u00b1 0.04\u00a0MPa). These values were higher than Ca-free SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/PTHF\/PCL-diCOOH hybrids (0.36 \u00b1 0.14\u00a0MPa strength and 0.06 \u00b1 0.01\u00a0MPa toughness modulus). Over a period of 90\u00a0days of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), the 70S30C\n                    <jats:sub>CME<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CL hybrids also kept a stable strain to failure (~30 %) and formed hydroxycarbonate apatite within three days. The extracts released by the 70S30C\n                    <jats:sub>CME<\/jats:sub>\n                    -CL hybrids in growth medium did not cause cytotoxic effects on human bone marrow stromal cells over 24\u00a0h of culture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1224596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T01:18:42Z","timestamp":1692321522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["3D printed hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration using calcium methoxyethoxide as a calcium source"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Agathe","family":"Heyraud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tallia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Kai","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tchorzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Pilsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian R.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Mechanical testing of bone ex vivo","volume":"80","author":"Aspden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Mol. 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