{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:43:41Z","timestamp":1779140621488,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074560 82170443 82004083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074560 82170443 82004083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To systematically evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A comprehensive search was conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception to June 30, 2023. Relevant animal experiments investigating moxibustion for treating IBS-D in model rats were included. Two independent researchers screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the selected studies. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In total, 21 animal studies comprising 680 model rats were included. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that moxibustion enhanced the threshold capacity of the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 2.60; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.00001], ameliorated the rate of loose stool (SMD = \u22124.03; 95% CI: \u20135.76, \u22122.30; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.00001), and decreased the colon 5-hydroxytryptamine (SMD = \u22123.67; 95% CI: \u20135.33, \u22122.01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.00001), serum interleukin-1\u03b2 (SMD = \u22123.24, 95% CI: \u20134.06, \u22122.41; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.00001), serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (SMD = \u22122.35, 95% CI: \u20134.12, \u22120.58; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.00001), and serum substance P (SMD = \u22125.14, 95% CI: \u20138.45, \u22121.83; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) concentrations. Moxibustion did not affect the blood calcitonin gene-related peptide level compared to the blank model group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.15).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Moxibustion modulated the brain-gut interaction, reduced visceral hypersensitivity, inhibited intestinal inflammation, and regulated the immune balance, improving the rate of loose stool and increasing the AWR threshold capacity in IBS-D model rats, achieving good analgesic and antidiarrheal effects. However, these conclusions require further validation due to limitations in the quantity and quality of the included studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1309661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T10:26:46Z","timestamp":1702636006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of moxibustion in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome model rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changchun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Bao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoju","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.13702\/j.1000-0607.201262","article-title":"Research progress and problems of neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture underlying improvement of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupunct. Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjam.2020.10.004","article-title":"Research progress of moxibustion in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"World J. Acupunct. moxibustion."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.16841\/j.issn1003-8450.2021.01.01","article-title":"Effects of moxibustion on substance p and vasoactive intestinal peptide expression in colon and hypothalamus tissues of model rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gansu Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-7856.2017.08.018","article-title":"A Summary of measurement methods for abdominal withdrawal reflex test","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"The research of mechanism about post infectious irritable bowel syndrome in rats by means of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy on ST36 acupoint","author":"Du","year":"2011"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16014","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.14","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Enck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-6450.2017.01.016","article-title":"CGRP and SP expression of colorectal mucosa in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and its correlation with clinical symptoms","volume":"16","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Difficult Complicat. Cases"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.13193\/j.issn.1673-7717.2019.09.001","article-title":"Influence of heat-sensitive moxibustion on CRH, ACTH and CORT of IBS model rats","volume":"37","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhongyiyao Xuekan = Chin. Archives Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.19613\/j.cnki.1671-3141.2019.76.015","article-title":"Meta-analysis of moxibustion in treatment of diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Latest Med. Inf."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43","article-title":"SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies","volume":"14","author":"Hooijmans","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"55","article-title":"Clinical research on moxibustion for irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jiangxi J. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion on expression of 5-HT,5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in colon of rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Jianan","year":"2019"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.017","article-title":"AGA clinical practice guideline on the pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea","volume":"163","author":"Lembo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"The mechanism research of the heat-sensitive moxibustion on \u201cMingmen\u201d acupoint in rats with IBS-D Based on brain gut microbiota axis","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-7246.2022.05.015","article-title":"Moxibustion improves visceral hypersensitivity in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by exerting an intervention effect on the microRNA-24\/serotonin transporter\/5-hydroxytryptamine pathway","volume":"41","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anhui Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.16808\/j.cnki.issn1003-7705.2020.10.054","article-title":"Importance and value of animal experiment system evaluation in efficacy and safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hunan J. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn311367-20201116-00660","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus of irritable bowel syndrome in 2020","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Dig."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(15)30116-3","article-title":"Comparative effect of electroacupuncture and moxibustion on the expression of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trad. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.13194\/j.issn.1673-842x.2022.03.030","article-title":"Discussion on the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of functional dyspepsia based on the theory of brain-gut axis","volume":"24","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Liaoning Univ. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-1905.2021.05.003","article-title":"Influence of moxibustion on IL-1, IL-10 and CGRP expression in irritable bowel syndrome model rats","volume":"55","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Harbin Med. Univ."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8849.2023.12.030","article-title":"Research progress on moxibustion treatment for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"","journal-title":"Mod. J. Integr. Traditional Chin. West. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.13194\/j.issn.1673-842x.2022.08.012","article-title":"Brain-gut interaction of diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome and intervention in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Liaoning Univ. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934341","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.934341","article-title":"A review of neuroendocrine immune system abnormalities in IBS based on the brain-gut axis and research progress of acupuncture intervention","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-4055.2019.03.06","article-title":"Interpretation on examples of SYRCLE' tool for interviewing risk of bias in animal experimentation","volume":"11","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Evidence-Based Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"Effect of moxibustion on the levels of serum inflammatory factors, Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-kB in colon of rats with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Tong","year":"2020"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324598","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Vasant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Based on the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in intervening diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Wan","year":"2021"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Effect of moxibustion at Tianshu Point on Th1\/Th2 immune balance in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.13194\/j.issn.1673-842x.2021.01.012","article-title":"Pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and its research progress of intervention with acupuncture","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Liaoning Univ. TCM"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-7246.2020.03.009","article-title":"Effect of moxibustion on the lKKB\/lKBa\/NF-KB pathway in hippocampal and colonic tissue in a rat model of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anhui Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.13424\/j.cnki.jsctcm.2021.03.020","article-title":"Effect of moxibustion on NO in intestinal tissue of rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Shaanxi Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"Effect of moxibustion on the levels of serum inflammatory factor, beta-defensin-2 and beta-defensin-2 gene in colon of rats with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Wu","year":"2018"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.14046\/j.cnki.zyytb2002.2019.05.015","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion for diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)","volume":"18","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traditional Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"51","article-title":"Effects of heat-sensitive moxibustion on visceral sensitivity, intestinal propulsion rate and serum CGRP and ET in irritable bowel syndrome rats","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Jiangxi J. Traditional Chin. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.11842\/wst.20211115021","article-title":"The effects of heat-sensitive moxibustion on the expression of SP and CGRP in the serum and colon tissues of IBS model rats","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. Traditional Chin. Med. Materia Medica-World Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.2017.12.016","article-title":"Effects of heat-sensitive moxibustion on HPA axis in rats with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen jiu = Chin. Acupunct. Moxibustion."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-7125.2018.12.011","article-title":"Effect of tumor necrosis factor-a on pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B39","volume-title":"Effect of spreading moxibustion on the levels of 5-HT in rats colonic mucosa and npy in serum with diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.7507\/1672-2531.202008152","article-title":"The selection of appropriate statistical models for traditional meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Evidence-Based Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12480","article-title":"Development of a reporting guideline for systematic reviews of animal experiments in the field of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Evid-Based Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.7507\/1672-2531.201803091","article-title":"Methodological and reporting quality of systematic review\/meta-analysis of animal studies","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Evidence-Based Med."},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Research on experimental comparison of acupuncture and moxibustion on irritable bowel syndrome","author":"Zhao","year":"2013"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.20230105.002","article-title":"Effects of acupuncture on functional gastrointestinal disorders: special effects, coeffects, synergistic effects in terms of single or compatible acupoints","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8849.2019.08.005","article-title":"Effect of thermal moxibustion on visceral sensitivity, intestinal function and gastrointestinal hormones in rats with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod. J. Integr. Traditional Chin. West. Med."},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"Accommodation of acupuncture and moxibustion on colon Fu-organ diseases and symptoms: philosophy research","author":"Zhou","year":"2008"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X382313","article-title":"Herb-partition moxibustion relieves chronic visceral hyperalgesia and 5-HT concentration in colon mucosa of rats","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1309661\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T10:27:28Z","timestamp":1702636048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1309661\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1309661"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1309661","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"article-number":"1309661"}}