{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:12:00Z","timestamp":1793643120010,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative disease, leads to high socioeconomic burdens and disability rates. The knee joint is typically the most affected and is characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation. The current management of OA mainly focuses on symptomatic relief and does not help to slow down the advancement of disease. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes have garnered significant attention in regenerative therapy and tissue engineering areas. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), as bioactive factor carriers, have promising results in cell-free therapy of OA. This study reviewed the application of various MSC-Exos for the OA treatment, along with exploring the potential underlying mechanisms. Moreover, current strategies and future perspectives for the utilization of engineered MSC-Exos, alongside their associated challenges, were also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1309946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T23:37:34Z","timestamp":1705361854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a promising cell-free therapy for knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Danni","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenggang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-09980-x","article-title":"The efficacy of stem cells secretome application in osteoarthritis: a systematic review of in vivo studies","volume":"16","author":"Bousnaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8847","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S225453","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as nanomedicine: hopes and hurdles in clinical translation","volume":"14","author":"Burnouf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2017.02.001","article-title":"Basic science of articular cartilage","volume":"36","author":"Carballo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80032-7","article-title":"Small Extracellular Vesicles from adipose derived stromal cells significantly attenuate in vitro the NF-\u03baB dependent inflammatory\/catabolic environment of osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Cavallo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13414","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713414","article-title":"Exosomes derived from hypoxia-cultured human adipose stem cells alleviate articular chondrocyte inflammaging and post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122146","article-title":"Insights on molecular mechanisms of chondrocytes death in osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Charlier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.10.009","article-title":"Cell type-specific and common characteristics of exosomes derived from mouse cell lines: yield, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetics","volume":"96","author":"Charoenviriyakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. Official J. Eur. Fed. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.31017","article-title":"Desktop-stereolithography 3D printing of a radially oriented extracellular matrix\/mesenchymal stem cell exosome bioink for osteochondral defect regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02325-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-136-5p inhibits chondrocyte degeneration in traumatic osteoarthritis by targeting ELF3","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12080739","article-title":"Engineering of MSC-derived exosomes: a promising cell-free therapy for osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14888","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408301111","article-title":"Quantitative and stoichiometric analysis of the microRNA content of exosomes","volume":"111","author":"Chevillet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00710-y","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis: current status and future directions","volume":"53","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15376-8","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes and microparticles protect cartilage and bone from degradation in osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Cosenza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21690","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c06909","article-title":"Sophisticated magneto-mechanical actuation promotes in situ stem cell assembly and chondrogenesis for treating osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R22","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4156","article-title":"Intra-articular delivery of adipose derived stromal cells attenuates osteoarthritis progression in an experimental rabbit model","volume":"15","author":"Desando","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201700072","article-title":"Microcarriers with synthetic hydrogel surfaces for stem cell expansion","volume":"6","author":"Dias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.52793\/JSCR.2020.1(2)-09","article-title":"IRB approved pilot safety study of an extracellular vesicle isolate product evaluating the treatment of osteoarthritis in combat-related injuries","volume":"1","author":"Dordevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02507-2","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from LPS-preconditioned human synovial mesenchymal stem cells inhibit extracellular matrix degradation and prevent osteoarthritis of the knee in a mouse model","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.04.004","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: why and how?","volume":"159","author":"Elsharkasy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00111","article-title":"Macrophage: a potential target on cartilage regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14111093","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and MicroRNAs in cartilage regeneration: biogenesis, efficacy, miRNA enrichment and delivery","volume":"14","author":"Foo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13595","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413595","article-title":"Mechanical cues: bidirectional reciprocity in the extracellular matrix drives mechano-signalling in articular cartilage","volume":"22","author":"Gilbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.01.001","article-title":"Critical considerations for the development of potency tests for therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles","volume":"23","author":"Gimona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.21-0107","article-title":"Role of extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue- and bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells in endothelial proliferation and chondrogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Gorgun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8040307","article-title":"Review of the isolation, characterization, biological function, and multifarious therapeutic approaches of exosomes","volume":"8","author":"Gurunathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12008","article-title":"Recent advances in mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (MSCs)\u2010based approaches for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy","volume":"47","author":"Hassanzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22972","article-title":"Single intra-articular dexamethasone injection immediately post-surgery in a rabbit model mitigates early inflammatory responses and post-traumatic osteoarthritis-like alterations","volume":"33","author":"Heard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22243","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101717R","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor agonist attenuates subchondral bone osteoclast fusion and osteochondral pathologies of osteoarthritis via suppressing JNK1\/2\/NFATc1 pathway","volume":"36","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218089","article-title":"Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"80","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumatic Dis."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24444","article-title":"CCL2 but not CCR2 is required for spontaneous articular cartilage regeneration post-injury","volume":"37","author":"Jablonski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res. Official Publ. Orthop. Res. Soc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14169","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814169","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokine priming and purification method modulate the impact of exosomes derived from equine bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells on equine articular chondrocytes","volume":"24","author":"Jammes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2979124","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes modulate chondrocyte glutamine metabolism to alleviate osteoarthritis progression","volume":"2021","author":"Jiang","year":"","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.01.031","article-title":"Enhancement of acellular cartilage matrix scaffold by Wharton\u2019s jelly mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to promote osteochondral regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.11.009","article-title":"Osteoarthritis year in review 2021: biology","volume":"30","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9281","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16860","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells\u2010derived exosomes on osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03193-x","article-title":"Exosomal miR-9-5p secreted by bone marrow\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting syndecan-1","volume":"381","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9020209","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from thapsigargin-treated mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated experimental colitis via enhanced immunomodulatory properties","volume":"9","author":"Joo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4514","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3939","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the mRNA expression levels of BCL2 and BAX genes in human osteoarthritis and normal articular cartilage: an investigation into their differential expression","volume":"12","author":"Karaliotas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520924776","article-title":"Properties of cartilage\u2013subchondral bone junctions: a narrative review with specific focus on the growth plate","volume":"13","author":"Kazemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"CARTILAGE"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-022-01387-1","article-title":"Function and therapeutic development of exosomes for cancer therapy","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2000082","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202000082","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell\u2010derived exosomes for effective cartilage tissue repair and treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.027","article-title":"Exosomes: large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake","volume":"347","author":"Kimiz-Gebologlu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24131","article-title":"2019 American college of rheumatology\/arthritis foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee","volume":"72","author":"Kolasinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041541","article-title":"Emerging potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03437-2","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-338-3p-modified adipose stem cells inhibited inflammation injury of chondrocytes via targeting RUNX2 in osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01236-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of the extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on osteoarthritis via M2 macrophages","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-3912","article-title":"Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect cartilage and regulate the polarization of macrophages in osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.02.039","article-title":"The tissue origin effect of extracellular vesicles on cartilage and bone regeneration","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01086-x","article-title":"Chitosan oligosaccharides packaged into rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles facilitating cartilage injury repair and alleviating osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00940-2","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles prevent the development of osteoarthritis via the circHIPK3\/miR-124-3p\/MYH9 axis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11657","article-title":"Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ROS production and cell apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes via the miR\u2010100\u20105p\/NOX4 axis","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01367-z","article-title":"Triamcinolone acetonide-loaded nanoparticles encapsulated by CD90+ MCSs-derived microvesicles drive anti-inflammatory properties and promote cartilage regeneration after osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36938","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c10458","article-title":"Chondrocyte-Targeted MicroRNA delivery by engineered exosomes toward a cell-free osteoarthritis therapy","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.69368","article-title":"Chondrocyte-specific genomic editing enabled by hybrid exosomes for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107824","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes osteoarthritic cartilage regeneration by BMSC-derived exosomes via modulating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"97","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7906","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.38425","article-title":"Recent advances and challenges of repurposing nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to enhance cancer immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221073991","article-title":"Exosomes derived from human urine-derived stem cells overexpressing miR-140-5p alleviate knee osteoarthritis through downregulation of VEGFA in a rat model","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2013.10.003","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells generate a distinct pericellular zone of MMP activities via binding of MMPs and secretion of high levels of TIMPs","volume":"34","author":"Lozito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22344","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit both endogenous and exogenous MMPs via secreted TIMPs","volume":"226","author":"Lozito","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6131","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01789","article-title":"Radical-scavenging and subchondral bone-regenerating nanomedicine for osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3379","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3379","article-title":"Synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing microRN555A\u201026a\u20105p ameliorate cartilage damage of osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9628536","article-title":"Challenges and controversies in human mesenchymal stem cell therapy","volume":"2019","author":"Lukomska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1004-0","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-92a-3p-overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells enhance chondrogenesis and suppress cartilage degradation via targeting WNT5A","volume":"9","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy054","article-title":"Macrophages in inflammation, repair and regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Oishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300315","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300315","article-title":"Treatment with mesenchymal stem cell-derived nanovesicle-containing gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels alleviates osteoarthritis by modulating chondrogenesis and macrophage polarization","volume":"12","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110566","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells rescue cartilage injury in osteoarthritis through Ferroptosis by GOT1\/CCR2 expression","volume":"122","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116861","article-title":"The potential of exosomes in the therapy of the cartilage and bone complications; emphasis on osteoarthritis","volume":"236","author":"Pourakbari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-019-00330-x","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes via p38, ERK, and Akt pathways","volume":"55","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10855","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15714","article-title":"Curcumin reinforces MSC\u2010derived exosomes in attenuating osteoarthritis via modulating the miR\u2010124\/NF\u2010kB and miR\u2010143\/ROCK1\/TLR9 signalling pathways","volume":"24","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118987","article-title":"MiR-129-5p shuttled by human synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes relieves IL-1\u03b2 induced osteoarthritis via targeting HMGB1","volume":"269","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.20-0390","article-title":"Amniotic membrane-mesenchymal stromal cells secreted factors and extracellular vesicle-miRNAs: anti-inflammatory and regenerative features for musculoskeletal tissues","volume":"10","author":"Ragni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2020.1809439","article-title":"An overview of various treatment strategies, especially tissue engineering for damaged articular cartilage","volume":"48","author":"Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif. Cells, Nanomedicine, Biotechnol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2015.1056776","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of paracetamol and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis: which drug to recommend?","volume":"14","author":"Richette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800948","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800948","article-title":"3D cellular architecture affects MicroRNA and protein cargo of extracellular vesicles","volume":"6","author":"Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.12.034","article-title":"Hypoxic pretreatment of small extracellular vesicles mediates cartilage repair in osteoarthritis by delivering miR-216a-5p","volume":"122","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.162","article-title":"Exosomes: new molecular targets of diseases","volume":"39","author":"Samanta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/s1063-4584(03)00156-0","article-title":"Influence of pro-inflammatory (IL-1\u03b1, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines on chondrocyte function","volume":"11","author":"Schuerwegh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.09.017","article-title":"Suppression of Sestrins in aging and osteoarthritic cartilage: dysfunction of an important stress defense mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03240-z","article-title":"Circular RNA circ_0008365 regulates SOX9 by targeting miR-338-3p to inhibit IL-1\u03b2-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation","volume":"17","author":"Shuai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809766","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2020.1809766","article-title":"The future of Extracellular Vesicles as Theranostics \u2013 an ISEV meeting report","volume":"9","author":"Soekmadji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438","article-title":"The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function","volume":"1","author":"Sophia Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Health A Multidiscip. Approach"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2021.03","article-title":"Recent updates on the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma","volume":"2","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Extracell. Vesicles Circulating Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27289","article-title":"Expression of exosomal microRNAs during chondrogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38715","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b11687","article-title":"In situ articular cartilage regeneration through endogenous reparative cell homing using a functional bone marrow-specific scaffolding system","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2019.0326","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for cartilage regeneration: a systematic review of preclinical in vivo studies","volume":"27","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880523","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880523","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and their small extracellular vesicles as crucial immunological efficacy for hepatic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.04.031","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles in combination with sleep-related circRNA3503: a targeted therapeutic agent with injectable thermosensitive hydrogel to prevent osteoarthritis","volume":"6","author":"Tao","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.17133","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-140-5p-overexpressing human synovial mesenchymal stem cells enhance cartilage tissue regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis of the knee in a rat model","volume":"7","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.104978","article-title":"Human bone mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miRNA-361-5p alleviates osteoarthritis by downregulating DDX20 and inactivating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"113","author":"Tao","year":"","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.08.029","article-title":"Exosomes: small vesicles with big roles in cancer, vaccine development, and therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Thakur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12088","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12088","article-title":"WNT3A\u2010loaded exosomes enable cartilage repair","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00580","article-title":"The treatment of cartilage damage using human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a systematic review of in vivo studies","volume":"8","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20180079","article-title":"MSC exosome works through a protein-based mechanism of action","volume":"46","author":"Toh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.01.020","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of osteoarthritis sheep knee, treated with TGF-\u03b23 and BMP-6 induced multipotent stem cells","volume":"104","author":"Ude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.20746","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal\/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote human cartilage regeneration in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Vonk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02050-7","article-title":"Injectable photocrosslinking spherical hydrogel-encapsulated targeting peptide-modified engineered exosomes for osteoarthritis therapy","volume":"21","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194760352210774","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035221077401","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from hypoxic pretreated urine-derived stem cells enhance the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes by delivering miR-26a-5p","volume":"13","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967193","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.967193","article-title":"Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2018.1556063","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 promoted chondrocyte proliferation by regulating Sp1 through MSC-exosomes derived miR-135b","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644380","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.644380","article-title":"Exosomes isolated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exert a protective effect on osteoarthritis via lncRNA LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193059","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193059","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have altered microRNA profiles and induce osteogenic differentiation depending on the stage of differentiation","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0632-0","article-title":"Exosomes from embryonic mesenchymal stem cells alleviate osteoarthritis through balancing synthesis and degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-02032-8","article-title":"Comprehensive proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-020-09559-9","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-155-5p\u2013overexpressing synovial mesenchymal stem cells prevent osteoarthritis via enhancing proliferation and migration, attenuating apoptosis, and modulating extracellular matrix secretion in chondrocytes","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-5116","article-title":"Which is the most effective one in knee osteoarthritis treatment from mesenchymal stem cells obtained from different sources? \u2014a systematic review with conventional and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2021.2019411","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome mediated long non-coding RNA KLF3-AS1 represses autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell CycleGeorget. Tex.)"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735249","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2020.1735249","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles from human adipose\u2010derived stem cells attenuate cartilage degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Woo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.03.022","article-title":"miR-100-5p-abundant exosomes derived from infrapatellar fat pad MSCs protect articular cartilage and ameliorate gait abnormalities via inhibition of mTOR in osteoarthritis","volume":"206","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00187-z","article-title":"Exosomes rewire the cartilage microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from intercellular communication to therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11225","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1995580","article-title":"miR-125a-5p-abundant exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells suppress chondrocyte degeneration via targeting E2F2 in traumatic osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02689-9","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120539","article-title":"Exosome-mediated delivery of kartogenin for chondrogenesis of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells and cartilage regeneration","volume":"269","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100760","article-title":"Programming assembly of biomimetic exosomes: an emerging theranostic nanomedicine platform","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today. Bio"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2020.03.005","article-title":"Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in mechanical environment show improved osteochondral activity via upregulation of LncRNA H19","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-019-09504-5","article-title":"Exosomes produced from 3D cultures of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a hollow-fiber bioreactor show improved osteochondral regeneration activity","volume":"36","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5760107","article-title":"The effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cartilage repair in rabbits","volume":"2022","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0876-3","article-title":"Changes in phenotype and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9455152","article-title":"miR-3960 from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inactivates SDC1\/wnt\/\u03b2-catenin Axis to relieve chondrocyte injury in osteoarthritis by targeting PHLDA2","volume":"2022","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2022.5118","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 family and stem cell-derived exosome therapeutic treatment in osteoarthritis (Review)","volume":"49","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engreg.2022.06.004","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles: regulating the crosstalk between the skeleton and immune system","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Regen."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2021-0047","article-title":"Efficacy of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells on osteoarthritis in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121169","article-title":"Injectable Mussel-Inspired highly adhesive hydrogel with exosomes for endogenous cell recruitment and cartilage defect regeneration","volume":"278","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.06.022","article-title":"Exosomes derived from human embryonic mesenchymal stem cells promote osteochondral regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.028","article-title":"MSC exosomes mediate cartilage repair by enhancing proliferation, attenuating apoptosis and modulating immune reactivity","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5517648","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing long noncoding RNA NEAT1 relieve osteoarthritis","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3510","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3510","article-title":"Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with decellularized extracellular matrix enhance the alleviation of osteoarthritis through miR-3473b\/phosphatase and tensin homolog axis","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.10982","article-title":"Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells promote chondrogenesis and suppress inflammation by upregulating miR-145 and miR-221","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00709-3","article-title":"Hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02086-9","article-title":"Engineering exosomes derived from subcutaneous fat MSCs specially promote cartilage repair as miR-199a-3p delivery vehicles in Osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1039\/c8lc01279b","article-title":"Microfluidic on-demand engineering of exosomes towards cancer immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816209","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.816209","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-212-5p overexpressed human synovial mesenchymal stem cells suppress chondrocyte degeneration and inflammation by targeting ELF3","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03005-9","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate osteoarthritis of the knee in mice model by interacting with METTL3 to reduce m6A of NLRP3 in macrophage","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051012","article-title":"Effects of BMSC-derived EVs on bone metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00987-y","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0510-9","article-title":"Comparison of exosomes secreted by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1309946\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T23:37:37Z","timestamp":1705361857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1309946\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"references-count":137,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1309946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1309946","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"article-number":"1309946"}}