{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:07:31Z","timestamp":1792804051842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar. Uncontrolled blood glucose affects the circulatory system in an organism by intervening blood circulation. The high blood glucose can lead to macrovascular (large blood vessels) and microvascular (small blood vessels) complications. Due to this, the vital organs (notably brain, eyes, feet, heart, kidneys, lungs and nerves) get worsen in diabetic patients if not treated at the earliest. Therefore, acquiring treatment at an appropriate time is very important for managing diabetes and other complications that are caused due to diabetes. The root cause for the occurrence of various health complications in diabetic patients is the uncontrolled blood glucose levels. This review presents a consolidated account of the applications of various types of three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting technologies in treating diabetes as well as the complications caused due to impaired blood glucose levels. Herein, the development of biosensors (for the diagnosis), oral drug formulations, transdermal drug carriers, orthotic insoles and scaffolds (for the treatment) are discussed. Next to this, the fabrication of 3D bioprinted organs and cell-seeded hydrogels (pancreas engineering for producing insulin and bone engineering for managing bone defects) are explained. As the final application, 3D bioprinting of diabetic disease models for high-throughput screening of ant-diabetic drugs are discussed. Lastly, the challenges and future perspective associated with the use of 3D printing and bioprinting technologies against diabetes and its related chronic complications have been put forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1363483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T11:21:14Z","timestamp":1716895274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["3D printing and bioprinting in the battle against diabetes and its chronic complications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Indumathi","family":"Sathisaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7664","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16247664","article-title":"Fused deposition modelling (FDM) of thermoplastic-based filaments: process and rheological properties \u2013 an overview","volume":"16","author":"Acierno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051448","article-title":"3D printing technology as a promising tool to design nanomedicine-based solid dosage forms: contemporary research and future scope","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101733","article-title":"Development of multi-compartment 3D-printed tablets loaded with self-nanoemulsified formulations of various drugs: a new strategy for personalized medicine","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12375","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04499","article-title":"Multifunctional 3D-printed wound dressings","volume":"15","author":"Alizadehgiashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics7040438","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery: innovative pharmaceutical developments based on disruption of the barrier properties of the stratum corneum","volume":"7","author":"Alkilani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9010066","article-title":"New paradigm in diabetic foot ulcer grafting techniques using 3D-bioprinted autologous minimally manipulated homologous adipose tissue (3D-AMHAT) with fibrin gel acting as a biodegradable scaffold","volume":"9","author":"Bajuri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399815666191024085838","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and its impact on the immune system","volume":"16","author":"Berbudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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