{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:43:14Z","timestamp":1793605394456,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ureteral stenting is a common clinical procedure for the treatment of upper urinary tract disorders, including conditions such as urinary tract infections, tumors, stones, and inflammation. Maintaining normal renal function by preventing and treating ureteral obstruction is the primary goal of this procedure. However, the use of ureteral stents is associated with adverse effects, including surface crusting, bacterial adhesion, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after implantation. Recognizing the need to reduce the complications associated with permanent ureteral stent placement, there is a growing interest among both physicians and patients in the use of biodegradable ureteral stents (BUS). The evolution of stent materials and the exploration of different stent coatings have given these devices different roles tailored to different clinical needs, including anticolithic, antibacterial, antitumor, antinociceptive, and others. This review examines recent advances in BUS within the last 5 years, providing an in-depth analysis of their characteristics and performance. In addition, we present prospective insights into the future applications of BUS in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1373130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:21:27Z","timestamp":1710912087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Recent development and future application of biodegradable ureteral stents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiancheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2012.0448","article-title":"Use of full-length metallic stents in malignant ureteral obstruction","volume":"27","author":"Abbasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-006-9150-1","article-title":"Risk factors for lower urinary tract infection and bacterial stent colonization in patients with a double J ureteral stent","volume":"39","author":"Akay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Urology Nephrol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287210370699","article-title":"Ureteral stents: new ideas, new designs","volume":"2","author":"Al-Aown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Urology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7705","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147705","article-title":"Functional properties of polyurethane ureteral stents with PLGA and papaverine hydrochloride coating","volume":"22","author":"Antonowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34913","article-title":"Assessment of encrustation and physicochemical properties of poly(lactide-glycolide) - papaverine hydrochloride coating on ureteral double-J stents after long-term flow of artificial urine","volume":"110","author":"Antonowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B-applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)64748-9","article-title":"Evaluation of a dissolvable ureteral drainage stent in a Swine model","volume":"168","author":"Auge","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.08.061","article-title":"Drug-eluting biodegradable ureteral stent: new approach for urothelial tumors of upper urinary tract cancer","volume":"513","author":"Barros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.08.040","article-title":"Ketoprofen-eluting biodegradable ureteral stents by CO2 impregnation: in vitro study","volume":"495","author":"Barros","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-017-2124-3","article-title":"In vivo assessment of a novel biodegradable ureteral stent","volume":"36","author":"Barros","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Urology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33237","article-title":"Bioresorbable ureteral stents from natural origin polymers","volume":"103","author":"Barros","year":"","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B-applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.05.002","article-title":"Drug loading of polymer implants by supercritical CO2 assisted impregnation: a review","volume":"209","author":"Champeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2020.100771","article-title":"3D-printed radiopaque polymer composites for the in situ monitoring of biodegradable medical implants","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107620","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.1107620","article-title":"Self-assembled polylactic acid (PLA): synthesis, properties and biomedical applications","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1039\/c5bm90025e","article-title":"Polymeric biomaterials for cancer nanotechnology","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2006.20.949","article-title":"Second prize: in-vitro activity of triclosan-eluting ureteral stents against common bacterial uropathogens","volume":"20","author":"Chew","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.09.073","article-title":"Next generation biodegradable ureteral stent in a yucatan pig model","volume":"183","author":"Chew","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.202","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of the third generation biodegradable stent: a novel approach to avoiding the forgotten stent syndrome","volume":"189","author":"Chew","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5706","article-title":"Design and characterization of a novel braided biodegradable double-J ureteral stent","volume":"33","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(02)02433-0","article-title":"Assessment of stricture formation with the ureteral access sheath","volume":"61","author":"Delvecchio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01263","article-title":"Polymer-Mediated penetration-independent cancer therapy","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100158","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202100158","article-title":"Future directions for ureteral stent technology: from bench to the market","volume":"5","author":"Domingues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8799","DOI":"10.1039\/c7tb02229h","article-title":"Enhanced biostability and cellular uptake of zinc oxide nanocrystals shielded with a phospholipid bilayer","volume":"5","author":"Dumontel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15051676","article-title":"Surface functionalization of ureteral stents-based polyurethane: engineering antibacterial coatings","volume":"15","author":"Ecevit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. (Basel)"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666161025154003","article-title":"Introduction for design of nanoparticle based drug delivery systems","volume":"23","author":"Edgar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.12.002","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stent to second-generation durable polymer drug-eluting stents","volume":"10","author":"El-Hayek","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC-Cardiovascular Interv."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)57326-7","article-title":"Experience with new double J ureteral catheter stent","volume":"120","author":"Finney","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119641","article-title":"Evolution of metallic cardiovascular stent materials: a comparative study among stainless steel, magnesium and zinc","volume":"230","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1039\/c5bm00123d","article-title":"Poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based polymers engineered for biodegradable functional biomaterials","volume":"4","author":"Fukushima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006815","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202006815","article-title":"Biodegradable anti-biofilm fiber-membrane ureteral stent constructed with a robust biomimetic superhydrophilic polycationic hydration surface exhibiting synergetic antibacterial and antiprotein properties","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.07.025","article-title":"Biomimetic biodegradable Ag@Au nanoparticle-embedded ureteral stent with a constantly renewable contact-killing antimicrobial surface and antibiofilm and extraction-free properties","volume":"114","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11312","DOI":"10.1039\/c8ra10236h","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanocrystals as a nanoantibiotic and osteoinductive agent","volume":"9","author":"Garino","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)60023-5","article-title":"Experience with indwelling silicone rubber ureteral catheters","volume":"111","author":"Gibbons","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.05.003","article-title":"Investigation of a novel degradable ureteral stent in a porcine model","volume":"180","author":"Hadaschik","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000003183","article-title":"Risk factors for increased stent-associated symptoms following ureteroscopy for urinary stones: results from STENTS","volume":"209","author":"Harper","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.s103195","article-title":"Efficacy of \u03b1-blocker in improving ureteral stent-related symptoms: a meta-analysis of both direct and indirect comparison","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)57613-2","article-title":"Self-retained internal ureteral stents: a new approach","volume":"119","author":"Hepperlen","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003714520","article-title":"Polythene tubing in the experimental surgery of the ureter","volume":"37","author":"Herdman","year":"1949","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5664","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115664","article-title":"Biodegradable stent with mTOR inhibitor-eluting reduces progression of ureteral stricture","volume":"22","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9110605","article-title":"The in vitro enzymatic degradation of cross-linked poly(trimethylene carbonate) networks","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.10.009","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo assessment of a bilayered degradable rapamycin-eluting stent for ureteral stricture caused by holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy","volume":"172","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34730","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel biodegradable ureteral stent produced from polyurethane and magnesium alloys","volume":"109","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B-Applied Biomaterials"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328218792839","article-title":"Investigation of a novel gradient degradable ureteral stent in a beagle dog model","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomaterials Appl."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000049198.53424.1d","article-title":"Ureteral stent symptom questionnaire: development and validation of a multidimensional quality of life measure","volume":"169","author":"Joshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02811-w","article-title":"Consultation on UTUC, Stockholm 2018: aspects of treatment","volume":"37","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Urology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2004.18.891","article-title":"Bacteriology of urinary tract infection associated with indwelling J ureteral stents","volume":"18","author":"Kehinde","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-011-4285-8","article-title":"Physicochemical characterisation and biological evaluation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine engineered polyurethane (Tecoflex\u00ae)","volume":"22","author":"Khandwekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Science-Materials Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2008.0518","article-title":"Relationship between urinary tract infection and self-retaining double-J catheter colonization","volume":"23","author":"Klis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2008.0049","article-title":"First prize: novel uropathogen-resistant coatings inspired by marine mussels","volume":"22","author":"Ko","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-018-1081-7","article-title":"Paclitaxel-coated stents to prevent hyperplastic proliferation of ureteral tissue: from in vitro to in vivo","volume":"48","author":"Kram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urolithiasis"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.04.025","article-title":"Biodegradable-polymer drug-eluting stent platforms: the importance of long-term outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Kutcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC-Cardiovascular Interv."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.340","article-title":"Ureteral stent-associated complications-where we are and where we are going","volume":"12","author":"Lange","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13173821","article-title":"Biodegradable and drug-eluting inorganic composites based on mesoporous zinc oxide for urinary stent applications","volume":"13","author":"Laurenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. (Basel)"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b20728","article-title":"Graphene oxide finely tunes the bioactivity and drug delivery of mesoporous ZnO scaffolds","volume":"11","author":"Laurenti","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v8i2.549","article-title":"3D-Printing-Assisted extraluminal anti-reflux diodes for preventing vesicoureteral reflux through double-J stents","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprinting"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000055600.18515.a1","article-title":"Use of a temporary ureteral drainage stent after uncomplicated ureteroscopy: results from a phase II clinical trial","volume":"169","author":"Lingeman","year":"","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/089277903321618734","article-title":"Phase I trial of a temporary ureteral drainage stent","volume":"17","author":"Lingeman","year":"","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.1039\/d0tb00813c","article-title":"Biodegradable phosphorylcholine copolymer for cardiovascular stent coating","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2021.127550","article-title":"Preparation and property evaluation of biodegradable elastomeric PTMC\/PLCL networks used as ureteral stents","volume":"630","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces A-Physicochemical Eng. Aspects"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34741","article-title":"Degradation and antibacterial properties of magnesium alloys in artificial urine for potential resorbable ureteral stent applications","volume":"102","author":"Lock","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.09.15","article-title":"Current advances in research and clinical applications of PLGA-based nanotechnology","volume":"9","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagnostics"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2010.544673","article-title":"A short biodegradable helical spiral ureteric stent provides better antireflux and drainage properties than a double-J stent","volume":"45","author":"Lumiaho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urology Nephrol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2005.0085","article-title":"Drainage and antireflux characteristics of a biodegradable self-reinforced, self-expanding X-ray-positive poly-L,D-lactide spiral partial ureteral stent: an experimental study","volume":"21","author":"Lumiaho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35083a","article-title":"Electrospinning versus fibre production methods: from specifics to technological convergence","volume":"41","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa022139","article-title":"The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000","volume":"348","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102627","article-title":"Polylactic acid based polymeric nanoparticle mediated co-delivery of navitoclax and decitabine for cancer therapy","volume":"47","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0871","article-title":"Induction and maintenance adjuvant mitomycin C topical therapy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: tolerability and intermediate term outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)67319-1","article-title":"The forgotten indwelling ureteral stent: a urological dilemma","volume":"153","author":"Monga","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. urology"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34567-5","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nMgO) against pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and biofilms","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.054","article-title":"Controlled drug delivery systems: past forward and future back","volume":"190","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Analysis of the fate of systemically administered liposomes and implications for their use in drug delivery","volume":"42","author":"Poste","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)36976-8","article-title":"Microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on ureteral stents in vitro and in vivo","volume":"148","author":"Reid","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i29.3977","article-title":"Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis","volume":"13","author":"Saito","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-02964-x","article-title":"Urine versus stent cultures and clinical UTIs","volume":"53","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Urology Nephrol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84125","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ra19488a","article-title":"Radiopaque poly (\u03b5-caprolactone) as additive for X-ray imaging of temporary implantable medical devices","volume":"5","author":"Samuel","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.110.970772","article-title":"Evaluation of the second generation of a bioresorbable everolimus drug-eluting vascular scaffold for treatment of de novo coronary artery stenosis six-month clinical and imaging outcomes","volume":"122","author":"Serruys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14153059","article-title":"Assessment of a coated mitomycin-releasing biodegradable ureteral stent as an adjuvant therapy in upper urothelial carcinoma: a comparative in vitro study","volume":"14","author":"Soria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.23736\/s2724-6051.23.05152-2","article-title":"Animal model assessment of a new design for a coated mitomycin-eluting biodegradable ureteral stent for intracavitary instillation as an adjuvant therapy in upper urothelial carcinoma","volume":"75","author":"Soria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minerva Urology Nephrol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2020.0591","article-title":"Iatrogenic ureteral injury treatment with biodegradable antireflux heparin-coated ureteral stent-animal model comparative study","volume":"35","author":"Soria","year":"","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2019.0493","article-title":"Experimental assessment of new generation of ureteral stents: biodegradable and antireflux properties","volume":"34","author":"Soria","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endourology"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-21-19","article-title":"Heparin coating in biodegradable ureteral stents does not decrease bacterial colonization-assessment in ureteral stricture endourological treatment in animal model","volume":"10","author":"Soria","year":"","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urology"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061099","article-title":"3D printing of polymeric bioresorbable stents: a strategy to improve both cellular compatibility and mechanical properties","volume":"14","author":"Sousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4244\/eijv8i6a115","article-title":"Vascular healing in drug-eluting stents: differential drug-associated response of limus-eluting stents in a preclinical model of stent implantation","volume":"8","author":"Steigerwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12759","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(18)67158-3","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a novel inhibitor of urokinase from human urine. Quantitation and preliminary characterization in plasma","volume":"261","author":"Stump","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2019.11.001","article-title":"Translational status of biomedical Mg devices in China","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.07.001","article-title":"Electrospun polymeric nanofibers: new horizons in drug delivery","volume":"107","author":"Thakkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.22203\/ecm.v025a20","article-title":"Antibacterial biodegradable Mg-Ag alloys","volume":"25","author":"Tie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Cells Mater."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.11.014","article-title":"An in vivo study on the metabolism and osteogenic activity of bioabsorbable Mg-1Sr alloy","volume":"29","author":"Tie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.05.046","article-title":"In vivo urinary compatibility of Mg-Sr-Ag alloy in swine model","volume":"7","author":"Tie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000001343","article-title":"Ureteral stent encrustation: epidemiology, pathophysiology, management and current technology","volume":"205","author":"Tomer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B92","first-page":"203","article-title":"Epidemiology of urolithiasis","volume":"68","author":"Trinchieri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Di Urol. E Androl."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000001629","article-title":"Beyond prevalence: annual cumulative incidence of kidney stones in the United States","volume":"205","author":"Tundo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.08.118","article-title":"Precise characterization and 3-dimensional reconstruction of the autonomic nerve distribution of the human ureter","volume":"197","author":"Vernez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1039\/c8bm01317a","article-title":"Gradiently degraded electrospun polyester scaffolds with cytostatic for urothelial carcinoma therapy","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials Sci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2018.1498184","article-title":"Prospects for the research and application of biodegradable ureteral stents: from bench to bedside","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomaterials Science-Polymer Ed."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s80810","article-title":"Characterization of nanostructured ureteral stent with gradient degradation in a porcine model","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9899","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2015.10747","article-title":"A nanostructured degradable ureteral stent fabricated by electrospinning for upper urinary tract reconstruction","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.022","article-title":"A modified biodegradable mesh ureteral stent for treating ureteral stricture disease","volume":"155","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.2021.0183","article-title":"Early removal of ureteral stent after kidney transplant could decrease incidence of urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295323","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1295323","article-title":"Biodegradable polyester-based nano drug delivery system in cancer chemotherapy: a review of recent progress (2021-2023)","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114895","article-title":"Stealth and pseudo-stealth nanocarriers","volume":"198","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.006","article-title":"Paclitaxel inhibits ureteral smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen production in the absence of cell toxicity","volume":"185","author":"Will","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2023.2198702","article-title":"Surface modification of ureteral stents: development history, classification, function, and future developments","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/polym8040151","article-title":"The in vitro and in vivo degradation of cross-linked poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based networks","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2013.03.059","article-title":"Biodegradable cross-linked poly(trimethylene carbonate) networks for implant applications: synthesis and properties","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1039\/d1tb02318g","article-title":"Bio-inspired antibacterial coatings on urinary stents for encrustation prevention","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/94391","article-title":"Biodegradable airway stents: novel treatment of airway obstruction in children","volume":"28","author":"Zajac","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s43575","article-title":"Advances in drug delivery via electrospun and electrosprayed nanomaterials","volume":"8","author":"Zamani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/app.28651","article-title":"Zinc lactate-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate under microwave irradiation","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b00903","article-title":"Antimicrobial bioresorbable Mg-Zn-Ca alloy for bone repair in a comparison study with Mg-Zn-Sr alloy and pure Mg","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Sci. Eng."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12297","article-title":"Braided thin-walled biodegradable ureteral stent: preliminary evaluation in a canine model","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Urology"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328220949376","article-title":"A new hydrophilic biodegradable ureteral stent restrain encrustation both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomaterials Appl."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(91)90005-7","article-title":"Pancreas function index: an early monitor of allograft rejection","volume":"50","author":"Zheng","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)63130-6","article-title":"Clinical use of long-term indwelling silicone rubber ureteral splints inserted cystoscopically","volume":"97","author":"Zimskind","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Urology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1206319","article-title":"Bioresorbable airway splint created with a three-dimensional printer","volume":"368","author":"Zopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1373130\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:21:30Z","timestamp":1710912090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1373130\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1373130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1373130","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"article-number":"1373130"}}