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This systematic review and meta-analysis searched various electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect) to identify relevant studies. It critically evaluates existing research on GRF and tibial acceleration (TA) as indicators of running-related injuries, revealing mixed findings. Intriguingly, recent empirical data indicate only a marginal link between GRF, TA, and tibial bone stress, thus challenging the conventional understanding in this field. The study also highlights the limitations of current biomechanical models and methodologies, proposing a paradigm shift towards more holistic and integrated approaches. The study underscores wearable sensors\u2019 potential, enhanced by machine learning, in transforming the monitoring, prevention, and rehabilitation of running-related injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1377383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:19:15Z","timestamp":1712549955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Rethinking running biomechanics: a critical review of ground reaction forces, tibial bone loading, and the role of wearable sensors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guszt\u00e1v","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/paah.46","article-title":"Evaluation of three accelerometer devices for physical activity measurement amongst South Asians and Europeans","volume":"4","author":"Afaq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. 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