{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:47:41Z","timestamp":1787996861407,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simulations of human-technology interaction in the context of product development require comprehensive knowledge of biomechanical <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> behavior. To obtain this knowledge for the abdomen, we measured the continuous mechanical responses of the abdominal soft tissue of ten healthy participants in different lying positions anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly under local compression depths of up to 30\u00a0mm. An experimental setup consisting of a mechatronic indenter with hemispherical tip and two time-of-flight (ToF) sensors for optical 3D displacement measurement of the surface was developed for this purpose. To account for the impact of muscle tone, experiments were conducted with both controlled activation and relaxation of the trunk muscles. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to monitor muscle activation levels. The obtained data sets comprise the continuous force-displacement data of six abdominal measurement regions, each synchronized with the local surface displacements resulting from the macro-indentation, and the bipolar sEMG signals at three key trunk muscles. We used inverse finite element analysis (FEA), to derive sets of nonlinear material parameters that numerically approximate the experimentally determined soft tissue behaviors. The physiological standard values obtained for all participants after data processing served as reference data. The mean stiffness of the abdomen was significantly different when the trunk muscles were activated or relaxed. No significant differences were found between the anterior-lateral measurement regions, with exception of those centered on the linea alba and centered on the muscle belly of the rectus abdominis below the intertubercular plane. The shapes and areas of deformation of the skin depended on the region and muscle activity. Using the hyperelastic Ogden model, we identified unique material parameter sets for all regions. Our findings confirmed that, in addition to the indenter force-displacement data, knowledge about tissue deformation is necessary to reliably determine unique material parameter sets using inverse FEA. The presented results can be used for finite element (FE) models of the abdomen, for example, in the context of orthopedic or biomedical product developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T04:56:56Z","timestamp":1716526616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Soft tissue material properties based on human abdominal in vivo macro-indenter measurements"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Remus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Selkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Uttich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2009.10.006","article-title":"Measurement and characterization of soft tissue behavior with surface deformation and force response under large deformations","volume":"14","author":"Ahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6160","DOI":"10.3390\/app12126160","article-title":"Finite element methods for modeling the pressure distribution in human body\u2013seat interactions: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Alawneh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840601160484","article-title":"Verification, validation and sensitivity studies in computational biomechanics","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15923-8_4","article-title":"Parametric study of lumbar belts in the case of low back pain: effect of patients\u2019 specific characteristics","volume-title":"Computational biomechanics for medicine: personalisation, validation and therapy","author":"Bonnaire","year":"2020"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.02.013","article-title":"Comparison of different constitutive models to characterize the viscoelastic properties of human abdominal adipose tissue. A pilot study","volume":"80","author":"Calvo-Gallego","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00048-2","article-title":"Measurements and modelling of the compliance of human and porcine organs","volume":"5","author":"Carter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA202721","volume-title":"Measurer's handbook: U.S. Army anthropometric survey 1987-1988","author":"Clauser","year":"1988"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E940","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c5b5fa","article-title":"A biomechanical study of the Charleston brace for the treatment of scoliosis","volume":"35","author":"Clin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2019.1645837","article-title":"Experimental platform to facilitate novel back brace development for the improvement of spine stability","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Computational modeling of the lumbar spine: active musculature and intra\u2010abdominal pressure in compressive loading","author":"Cox","year":"2020"},{"key":"B11","volume-title":"Cram's introduction to surface electromyography","author":"Criswell","year":"2011"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/imamat\/67.1.41","article-title":"Mathematical modelling for keyhole surgery simulations: a biomechanical model for spleen tissue","volume":"67","author":"Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"IMA J. Appl. Math."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.008","article-title":"Mechanical properties of the abdominal wall and biomaterials utilized for hernia repair","volume":"74","author":"Deeken","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.07.018","article-title":"Investigation of the inter-dependence between intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability","volume":"69","author":"Driscoll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2011.560666","article-title":"Identification of the material parameters of soft tissues in the compressed leg","volume":"15","author":"Dubuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2020.1752682","article-title":"A finite element analysis of the intra-abdominal pressure and paraspinal muscle compartment pressure interaction through the thoracolumbar fascia","volume":"23","author":"El-Monajjed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.03.007","article-title":"An inverse finite-element model of heel-pad indentation","volume":"39","author":"Erdemir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102085","article-title":"Differences between four skinfold calipers in the assessment of adipose tissue in young adult healthy population","volume":"14","author":"Esparza-Ros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198809000-00008","article-title":"Ordnance gelatin for ballistic studies. Detrimental effect of excess heat used in gelatin preparation","volume":"9","author":"Fackler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. forensic Med. pathology"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI","volume":"124","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0292-7","article-title":"Modeling the mechanical response of in vivo human skin under a rich set of deformations","volume":"39","author":"Flynn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2023.2269286","article-title":"Current Poisson\u2019s ratio values of finite element models are too low to consider soft tissues nearly-incompressible: illustration on the human heel region","author":"Fougeron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257292","article-title":"Effects of seat pan and pelvis angles on the occupant response in a reclined position during a frontal crash","volume":"16","author":"Gr\u00e9bonval","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2010.01.002","article-title":"Musculoskeletal computational analysis of the influence of car-seat design\/adjustments on long-distance driving fatigue","volume":"40","author":"Grujicic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Industrial Ergonomics"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-021-01465-1","article-title":"Embodiment of intra-abdominal pressure in a flexible multibody model of the trunk and the spinal unloading effects during static lifting tasks","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomech. Model Mechanobiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0317-2","article-title":"Adaptive surrogate modeling for expedited estimation of nonlinear tissue properties through inverse finite element analysis","volume":"39","author":"Halloran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-8659(03)12004-2","article-title":"Human models for crash and impact simulation","volume-title":"Handbook of numerical analysis: computational models for the human body","author":"Haug","year":"2004"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"111","article-title":"Abdominal organ location, morphology, and rib coverage for the 5(th), 50(th), and 95(th) percentile males and females in the supine and seated posture using multi-modality imaging","volume":"57","author":"Hayes","year":"","journal-title":"Ann. Adv. Automot. Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/419821","article-title":"Comparison of organ location, morphology, and rib coverage of a midsized male in the supine and seated positions","volume":"2013","author":"Hayes","year":"","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2010.11.012","article-title":"Mechanical and histological characterization of the abdominal muscle. A previous step to modelling hernia surgery","volume":"4","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020905","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029304","article-title":"Is my model good enough? Best practices for verification and validation of musculoskeletal models and simulations of movement","volume":"137","author":"Hicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00206-2","article-title":"In vivo measurement of the effect of intra-abdominal pressure on the human spine","volume":"34","author":"Hodges","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.08.016","article-title":"Intra-abdominal pressure increases stiffness of the lumbar spine","volume":"38","author":"Hodges","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"520","article-title":"Chapter 14 - lumbar spine: treatment of motor control disorders","volume-title":"Pathology and intervention in musculoskeletal rehabilitation","author":"Hodges","year":"2015"},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Nonlinear solid mechanics: a continuum approach for engineering","author":"Holzapfel","year":"2000"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b19032","volume-title":"Measurement of soft tissue elasticity","author":"Huang","year":"2015"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2206.08023","article-title":"AMOS: a large-scale abdominal multi-organ benchmark for versatile medical image segmentation","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2022.106667","article-title":"Dynamic-MRI quantification of abdominal wall motion and deformation during breathing and muscular contraction","volume":"217","author":"Jourdan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(02)00085-3","article-title":"Inverse finite element characterization of soft tissues","volume":"6","author":"Kauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49792-1_12","article-title":"Chapter 12: impact biomechanics of the abdomen","volume-title":"The biomechanics of impact injury: biomechanical response, mechanisms of injury, human tolerance and simulation","author":"King","year":"2018"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4271\/2008-22-0011","article-title":"3D deformation and dynamics of the human cadaver abdomen under seatbelt loading","volume":"52","author":"Lamielle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4271\/2001-22-0004","article-title":"Development of a finite element model of the human abdomen","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9110687","article-title":"A surrogate model based on a finite element model of abdomen for real-time visualisation of tissue stress during physical examination training","volume":"9","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862804","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.862804","article-title":"Validation of a patient-specific musculoskeletal model for lumbar load estimation generated by an automated pipeline from whole body CT","volume":"10","author":"Lerchl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"MedShapeNet -- A large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0227-8","article-title":"Development of in vivo constitutive models for liver: application to surgical simulation","volume":"39","author":"Lister","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210365","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2021.0365","article-title":"An introduction to the Ogden model in biomechanics: benefits, implementation tools and limitations","volume":"380","author":"Lohr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2016876","article-title":"A hand-held indentation system for the assessment of mechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo","volume":"58","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6695","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3100536","article-title":"AbdomenCT-1K: is abdominal organ segmentation a solved problem?","volume":"44","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011005","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4005694","article-title":"FEBio: finite elements for biomechanics","volume":"134","author":"Maas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.10.005","article-title":"Is a simplified Finite Element model of the gluteus region able to capture the mechanical response of the internal soft tissues under compression?","volume":"71","author":"Macron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.05.019","article-title":"Ballistics ordnance gelatine - how different concentrations, temperatures and curing times affect calibration results","volume":"34","author":"Maiden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. forensic Leg. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00161-020-00933-w","article-title":"Modelling indentation of human lower-limb soft tissue: simulation parameters and their effects","volume":"35","author":"Marinopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contin. Mech. Thermodyn."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0453-3","article-title":"Measuring mechanical pain: the refinement and standardization of pressure pain threshold measurements","volume":"47","author":"Melia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.17.5.463","article-title":"Modeling of tool-tissue interactions for computer-based surgical simulation: a literature review","volume":"17","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"PRESENCE Teleoperators Virtual Environ."},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"An improved Framework for the inverse Analysis of skeletal muscle tissue in-vivo","author":"Moerman","year":"2012"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00506","article-title":"GIBBON: the geometry and image-based bioengineering add-on","volume":"3","author":"Moerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.02.016","article-title":"Digital image correlation and finite element modelling as a method to determine mechanical properties of human soft tissue in vivo","volume":"42","author":"Moerman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31224\/osf.io\/g8h9n","article-title":"Automated and data-driven computational design of patient-specific biomechanical interfaces","author":"Moerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"engrxiv"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2016.1250259","article-title":"On the importance of 3D, geometrically accurate, and subject-specific finite element analysis for evaluation of in-vivo soft tissue loads","volume":"20","author":"Moerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0212681","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212681","article-title":"In-silico pre-clinical trials are made possible by a new simple and comprehensive lumbar belt mechanical model based on the Law of Laplace including support deformation and adhesion effects","volume":"14","author":"Molimard","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B62","article-title":"Kollaborierende Roboter: Ermittlung der Schmerzempfindlichkeit an der Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle","author":"Muttray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wiss. Schlussbericht zum Vorhaben FP-0317"},{"key":"B63","volume-title":"Atlas of human anatomy","author":"Netter","year":"2017"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78368-6_6","article-title":"Challenges in the development of biomechatronic systems","volume-title":"Design methodology for future products","author":"Neumann","year":"2022"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3139\/104.112327","article-title":"Digitale Zwillinge in Interaktion mit Menschmodellen","volume":"115","author":"Neumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"ZWF"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2011.08.016","article-title":"Characterization of the anisotropic mechanical properties of excised human skin","volume":"5","author":"N\u00ed Annaidh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315385662-4","article-title":"Standards for anthropometry assessment","volume-title":"Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology","author":"Norton","year":"2018"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.105708","article-title":"Identifiability of soft tissue constitutive parameters from in-vivo macro-indentation","volume":"140","author":"Oddes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2018.1540695","article-title":"The effects of the muscular contraction on the abdominal biomechanics: a numerical investigation","volume":"22","author":"Pavan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344709","article-title":"Biomechanical modelling of orthotic treatment of the scoliotic spine including a detailed representation of the brace-torso interface","volume":"42","author":"P\u00e9ri\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1186","article-title":"Development and validation of skinfold-thickness prediction equations with a 4-compartment model","volume":"77","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.03.033","article-title":"Indentation of heterogeneous soft tissue: local constitutive parameter mapping using an inverse method and an automated rig","volume":"78","author":"Pierrat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2014.07.002","article-title":"Mechanical response of human abdominal walls ex vivo: effect of an incisional hernia and a mesh repair","volume":"38","author":"Podwojewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.03.035","article-title":"Internal mechanical conditions in the soft tissues of a residual limb of a trans-tibial amputee","volume":"41","author":"Portnoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B75","volume-title":"Injury and impact responses of the abdomen subjected to seatbelt loading","author":"Ramachandra","year":"2016"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0250456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250456","article-title":"Calibration and validation of a novel hybrid model of the lumbosacral spine in ArtiSynth-The passive structures","volume":"16","author":"Remus","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223007","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1223007","article-title":"Muscle-driven forward dynamic active hybrid model of the lumbosacral spine: combined FEM and multibody simulation","volume":"11","author":"Remus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B78","volume-title":"Anatomy: a photographic atlas","author":"Rohen","year":"2015"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnonlinmec.2018.09.007","article-title":"Initial estimation of the in vivo material properties of the seated human buttocks and thighs","volume":"107","author":"Sadler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Non-Linear Mech."},{"key":"B80","first-page":"161","article-title":"Material properties of commonly-used interface materials and their static coefficients of friction with skin and socks","volume":"35","author":"Sanders","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"736","article-title":"Hyper-viscoelastic response of perfused liver under dynamic compression and estimation of tissue strain thresholds with a liver finite element model","author":"Sato","year":"2013"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2015.12.004","article-title":"Biomechanical assessment of providence nighttime brace for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"4","author":"Sattout","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1055\/b-006-149643","volume-title":"PROMETHEUS Allgemeine Anatomie und Bewegungssystem: LernAtlas der Anatomie","author":"Sch\u00fcnke","year":"2018"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102166","article-title":"VerSe: a Vertebrae labelling and segmentation benchmark for multi-detector CT images","volume":"73","author":"Sekuboyina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(91)90100-k","article-title":"Quasi-incompressible finite elasticity in principal stretches. Continuum basis and numerical algorithms","volume":"85","author":"Simo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.11.007","article-title":"Towards the mechanical characterization of abdominal wall by inverse analysis","volume":"66","author":"Sim\u00f3n-Allu\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000215531.05677.19","article-title":"A comprehensive renal injury concept based on a validated finite element model of the human abdomen","volume":"62","author":"Snedeker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30520","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2843725","article-title":"MultiDIC: an open-source toolbox for multi-view 3D digital image correlation","volume":"6","author":"Solav","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.12.019","article-title":"Elasticity of the living abdominal wall in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B90","author":"Standring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.06.018","article-title":"Intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal wall muscular function: spinal unloading mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Stokes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.106148","article-title":"Full-field in vivo experimental study of the strains of a breathing human abdominal wall with intra-abdominal pressure variation","volume":"147","author":"Szepietowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.08.008","article-title":"Investigation of abdomen surface deformation due to life excitation: implications for implant selection and orientation in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair","volume":"27","author":"Szymczak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.879474","article-title":"In vivo mechanical behavior of intra-abdominal organs","volume":"53","author":"Tay","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-020-00561-4","article-title":"A concise overview of non-invasive intra-abdominal pressure measurement techniques: from bench to bedside","volume":"35","author":"Tayebi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103578","article-title":"Numerical modelling of abdominal wall mechanics: the role of muscular contraction and intra-abdominal pressure","volume":"103","author":"Todros","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.04.013","article-title":"3D surface imaging of abdominal wall muscular contraction","volume":"175","author":"Todros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.06.031","article-title":"Contribution of the skin, rectus abdominis and their sheaths to the structural response of the abdominal wall ex vivo","volume":"47","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.03.001","article-title":"Abdominal wall muscle elasticity and abdomen local stiffness on healthy volunteers during various physiological activities","volume":"60","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4037854","article-title":"A finite element model of a midsize male for simulating pedestrian accidents","volume":"140","author":"Untaroiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2018.06.005","article-title":"From pull to pressure: effects of Tourniquet buckles and straps","volume":"227","author":"Valliere","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.10.016","article-title":"A validated model of passive muscle in compression","volume":"39","author":"van Loocke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N41","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/29\/8\/N01","article-title":"Non-invasive measurement of intra-abdominal pressure: a preliminary study","volume":"29","author":"van Ramshorst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.02.007","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of intra-abdominal pressure by measurement of abdominal wall tension","volume":"171","author":"van Ramshorst","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B105","volume-title":"Color atlas of skeletal landmark definitions: guidelines for reproducible manual and virtual palpations","author":"Van Sint Jan","year":"2007"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892432","DOI":"10.4271\/892432","article-title":"Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact","volume":"98","author":"Viano","year":"1989","journal-title":"SAE Trans."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.027","article-title":"Use of shear wave elastography to quantify abdominal wall muscular properties in patients with incisional hernia","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816713-7.00049-0","article-title":"Biomechanical human models for seating discomfort assessment","volume-title":"DHM and posturography","author":"Wang","year":"2019"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0054","article-title":"Medical ultrasound: imaging of soft tissue strain and elasticity","volume":"8","author":"Wells","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2020.1786606","article-title":"Challenges in interaction modelling with digital human models \u2013 a systematic literature review of interaction modelling approaches","volume":"63","author":"Wolf","year":"","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.02.220","article-title":"Elementary affordances: a study on physical user-product interactions","volume":"91","author":"Wolf","year":"","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/17\/7\/017","article-title":"Softness measurements for open-cell foam materials and human soft tissue","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(97)00017-9","article-title":"Estimating the effective Young's modulus of soft tissues from indentation tests\u2014nonlinear finite element analysis of effects of friction and large deformation","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384062\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T04:57:12Z","timestamp":1716526632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384062\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"article-number":"1384062"}}