{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:34:40Z","timestamp":1792809280915,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>An accurate assessment of the surgical margins of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), especially the deep muscle tissue, can help completely remove the cancer cells and thus minimize the risk of recurrence. This study aimed to develop a classification model that classifies TSCC and normal tissues in order to aid in the rapid and accurate intraoperative assessment of TSCC surgical deep muscle tissue margins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study obtained 240 Raman spectra from 60 sections (30 TSCC and 30 normal) from 15 patients diagnosed with TSCC. The classification model based on the analysis of Raman spectral data was developed, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for the diagnosis and classification of TSCC. The leave-one-out cross-validation was employed to estimate and evaluate the prediction performance model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This approach effectively classified TSCC tissue and normal muscle tissue, achieving an accuracy of exceeding 90%. The Raman analysis showed that TSCC tissues contained significantly higher levels of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids compared to the adjacent normal tissues. In addition, we have also explored the potential of Raman spectroscopy in classifying different histological grades of TSCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PCA\u2013LDA tissue classification model based on Raman spectroscopy exhibited good accuracy, which could aid in identifying tumor-free margins during surgical interventions and present a promising avenue for the development of rapid and accurate intraoperative techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1480279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:40:18Z","timestamp":1728362418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intraoperative rapid assessment of the deep muscle surgical margin of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via Raman spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhongxu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13619","article-title":"Specimen-driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins should be standard of care for oral cancer patients","volume":"27","author":"Aaboubout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s10765-021-02965-z","article-title":"Early detection and parameter estimation of tongue tumour using contact thermometry in a closed mouth","volume":"43","author":"Arathy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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