{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:23:18Z","timestamp":1792174998031,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lumbar degenerative diseases are an important factor in disability worldwide, and they are also common among the elderly population. Stand-Alone Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (Stand-Alone OLIF) is a novel surgical approach for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. However, long-term follow-up after surgery has revealed the risk of endplate collapse associated with Stand-Alone OLIF procedures. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cage factor on endplate collapse after Stand-Alone OLIF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Finite element (FE) models and calf lumbar functional units were established separately and used to simulate Stand-Alone OLIF surgery. On the L5 endplate of the FE model and the calf lumbar functional unit, 12 cage positions from anterior to posterior, 16 cage inclination angles from 0\u00b0 to 15\u00b0, and 4 cage heights were selected to simulate surgical models with different cage positions. Compression loads of 400N were applied to the upper surface of the superior vertebral body of the cage, and 10Nm torques in four directions were used to simulate four different physiological movements of the lumbar spine: flexion, extension, lateral curvature and torsion, in order to compare the range of motion of the surgical segment and the endplate stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When the cage is placed closer to the anterior and posterior edges of the endplate and when the height of the cage exceeds 12mm, the intervertebral range of motion at the surgical segment is greater and the stress on the endplate is higher during various lumbar spine activities. When the cage is inclined at an angle within 15\u00b0, there are no significant differences in the corresponding endplate stress and the range of motion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For Stand-Alone OLIF surgery, inserting the cage in the central anterior-posterior position of the intervertebral space and selecting a cage with a height not exceeding 12\u00a0mm can reduce the stress on the endplate after surgery, which is more conducive to the stability of the lumbar spine postoperatively and reduces the risk of postoperative endplate collapse. The inclination angle of the cage placement does not significantly affect postoperative endplate stress or lumbar stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1508385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T23:26:29Z","timestamp":1733786789000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effects of cage on endplate collapse after stand-alone OLIF: based on finite element analysis and in vitro mechanics experiments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongze","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chensheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"028","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368670","article-title":"Lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF): comparative effectiveness and safety versus PLIF\/TLIF and predictive factors affecting LLIF outcome","volume":"5","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Spine Care J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2023.101713","article-title":"Anterior spinal fusion (ALIF\/OLIF\/LLIF) with lumbosacral transitional vertebra: a systematic review and proposed treatment algorithm","volume":"3","author":"Cawley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Spine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1845-1","article-title":"The role of cage height on the flexibility and load sharing of lumbar spine after lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral and bilateral instrumentation: a biomechanical study","volume":"18","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3051-9","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of paraspinal muscle atrophy after oblique lateral interbody fusion alone vs. combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in patients with spondylolisthesis","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03192-7","article-title":"Standalone oblique lateral interbody fusion vs. combined with percutaneous pedicle screw in spondylolisthesis","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E427","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181a2ea0a","article-title":"A study on the structural properties of the lumbar endplate: histological structure, the effect of bone density, and spinal level","volume":"34","author":"Hou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568221992098","article-title":"The influence of endplate morphology on cage subsidence in patients with stand-alone oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF)","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9016219","article-title":"Oblique lumbar interbody fusion with stand-alone cages for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: a retrospective study with 1-year follow-up","volume":"2020","author":"Huo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-011-1343-0","article-title":"Disc space distraction is a potent risk factor for adjacent disc disease after PLIF","volume":"131","author":"Kaito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e318237b9b1","article-title":"Subsidence of polyetheretherketone cage after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211067210","article-title":"Subsidence of interbody cage following oblique lateral interbody fusion: an analysis and potential risk factors","volume":"13","author":"Kotheeranurak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.021","article-title":"Comparison between posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Lan","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12625","article-title":"Development and application of oblique lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.167","article-title":"Effects of different orientations of cage implantation on lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"140","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06596-0","article-title":"Lumbar interbody fusion: recent advances in surgical techniques and bone healing strategies","volume":"30","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2414-469X.2015.10.05","article-title":"Lumbar interbody fusion: techniques, indications and comparison of interbody fusion options including PLIF, TLIF, MI-TLIF, OLIF\/ATP, LLIF and ALIF","volume":"1","author":"Mobbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000049226.87064.3b","article-title":"An anatomic study of the lumbar plexus with respect to retroperitoneal endoscopic surgery","volume":"28","author":"Moro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05873-x","article-title":"Impact of cage position on biomechanical performance of stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a finite element analysis","volume":"23","author":"Nan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8348631","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8348631","article-title":"Finite element method analysis of compression fractures on whole-spine models including the rib cage","volume":"2019","author":"Nishida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000004507","article-title":"Cage obliquity and radiological outcomes in oblique lateral interbody fusion","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.02.030","article-title":"Review of early clinical results and complications associated with oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF)","volume":"31","author":"Phan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2015.1036838","article-title":"Anterior lumbar interbody fusion versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion--systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Phan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.01.107","article-title":"Does cage position affect the risk of cage subsidence after oblique lumbar interbody fusion in the osteoporotic lumbar spine: a finite element analysis","volume":"161","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2022.01.018","article-title":"Low Hounsfield units on computed tomography are associated with cage subsidence following oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF)","volume":"22","author":"Ran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.05.002","article-title":"MRI-based endplate bone quality score predicts cage subsidence following oblique lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"24","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.034","article-title":"Stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"22","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07567-x","article-title":"A systematic review of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF)","volume":"32","author":"Rathbone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218770769","article-title":"Degenerative lumbar spine disease: estimating global incidence and worldwide volume","volume":"8","author":"Ravindra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.5.907","article-title":"Predisposing factors for intraoperative endplate injury of extreme lateral interbody fusion","volume":"10","author":"Satake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.12.110","article-title":"Risk factors of cage subsidence following oblique lumbar interbody fusion: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"183","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.1.2017-0001","article-title":"Evaluation of the location of intervertebral cages during oblique lateral interbody fusion surgery to achieve sagittal correction","volume":"1","author":"Shiga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine Surg. Relat. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E820","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e3181894fb1","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of an interspinous stabilizing device, locker","volume":"33","author":"Shim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Locker. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e940872","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.940872","article-title":"Effect of stand-alone oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in treating lumbar spine lesions","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.08.004","article-title":"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"31","author":"Taba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-019-09737-4","article-title":"Interbody fusions in the lumbar spine: a review","volume":"16","author":"Verma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hss J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041973","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1041973","article-title":"Recent advancement in finite element analysis of spinal interbody cages: a review","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.08.049","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of stand-alone oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion under 3 different bone mineral density conditions: a finite element analysis","volume":"155","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07855-7","article-title":"Distribution characteristics of stress on the vertebrae following different ranges of excision during Modified Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: a correlation study based on finite element analysis","volume":"25","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06667-2","article-title":"Importance of the epiphyseal ring in OLIF stand-alone surgery: a biomechanical study on cadaveric spines","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.158","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of lateral lumbar interbody fusion constructs with various fixation options: based on a validated finite element model","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05165-4","article-title":"Clinical and radiological evaluation of cage subsidence following oblique lumbar interbody fusion combined with anterolateral fixation","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1508385\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T23:26:34Z","timestamp":1733786794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1508385\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1508385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1508385","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"article-number":"1508385"}}