{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:42:05Z","timestamp":1788540125041,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pelvic and hip motion are pivotal in maintaining postural control and energy efficient gait. An insight into influence of age and gender on the coupled motion of hip and pelvis in gait-cycle will guide clinical rehabilitation strategies and pertinent technology-design for specific age-groups. Therefore, present study evaluated pelvic and hip-joint gait kinematics in healthy females and males across adult-hood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following signed-informed consent, pelvic and hip kinematics in 3-planes during stance-phase of gait were measured using 12-camera motion system and 2 force-plates, in 200 healthy Indian female and male volunteers (19\u201360years) stratified into 4-groups (19\u201330\u00a0years; 31\u201340\u00a0years; 41\u201350years; 51\u201360\u00a0years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With advancing age, males and females demonstrated a gradual rise in hip adduction (p &amp;lt; 0.01) in coronal plane. Sagittal plane pelvic and hip kinematics did not change with advancing age among males whereas females above 30\u00a0years Demonstrated greater pelvic drop (49%), pelvic tilt (35%) and hip adduction (69%) compared to females below 30\u00a0years (p &amp;lt; 0.01). In comparison to males, females demonstrated greater peak anterior pelvic tilt (32%), greater pelvic hike (28%) and protraction (28%) in 50\u201360\u00a0years age-group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Females across all age-groups demonstrated greater hip adduction compared to males (p &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Present findings add age and gender characterized gait-kinematics data of healthy adults from the most populous country to the existing 3-D data of gait from different populations. Clinicians and engineers, can leverage this knowledge of changing gait kinematics of healthy adults to design specific therapeutic strategies for aging men and women to optimize gait kinematics and advance design and development of locomotor technology suitable for people with rehabilitation needs across the globe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1515583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T06:18:06Z","timestamp":1736489886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influence of age and gender on gait kinematics of pelvis and hip in healthy adults aged 19\u201360\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rajani","family":"Mullerpatan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triveni","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.030","article-title":"Gender differences exist in the hip joint moments of healthy older walkers","volume":"41","author":"Boyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Muscle activity in the lower extremity during walking with different types of foot orthoses","volume":"26","author":"Boyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait and Posture"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.12.011","article-title":"Sex differences in whole body gait kinematics at preferred speeds","volume":"41","author":"Bruening","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait and Posture"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S510","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(07)70500-6","article-title":"Comparison of pelvic complex kinematics during normal locomotion in treadmill vs. overground walking","volume":"40","author":"Chatterley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.1518","article-title":"Effectiveness of core muscle strengthening for improving pain and dynamic balance among female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Chevidikunnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.011","article-title":"Gender differences in walking and running on level and inclined surfaces","volume":"23","author":"Chumanov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90011-3","article-title":"Effects of hip center location on the moment-generating capacity of the muscles","volume":"26","author":"Delp","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-0033(03)00025-1","article-title":"Gender differences in lower extremity mechanics during running","volume":"18","author":"Ferber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"771","article-title":"The influence of femoral alignment on joint moments during gait","volume":"25","author":"Foucher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04487-z","article-title":"Three-dimensional motion analysis of ten common Asian sitting positions in daily living and factors affect range of hip motions","volume":"22","author":"Ganokroj","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1159\/000311935","article-title":"Age and gender differences in hip extension and flexion torque steadiness","volume":"56","author":"Grunte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20114","article-title":"Hip, knee, and ankle kinematics of high range of motion activities of daily living","volume":"24","author":"Hemmerich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9993(97)90079-4","article-title":"Asymmetry of gait initiation in hemiparetic stroke subjects","volume":"78","author":"Hesse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.08.005","article-title":"Age-related differences in spatiotemporal markers of gait stability during dual task walking","volume":"26","author":"Hollman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait and Posture"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-9993(03)00030-3","article-title":"Analysis of impairments influencing gait velocity and asymmetry of hemiplegic patients after mild to moderate stroke11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is\/are associated","volume":"84","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives Phys. Med. Rehabilitation"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.01.013","article-title":"Differences in normal and perturbed walking kinematics between male and female athletes","volume":"19","author":"Hurd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.11.671","article-title":"Hip strength in females with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"33","author":"Ireland","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Orthop. and Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"896","article-title":"Differences in hip range of motion and muscle strength between Asian and Western individuals","volume":"22","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"31","article-title":"Body composition and anthropometry in Japanese and Australian Caucasian males and Japanese females","volume":"16","author":"Kagawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.05.005","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in gait patterns of healthy older adults: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"44","author":"Ko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"118","article-title":"Age-related differences in lower limb joint moments during walking","volume":"26","author":"Kulmala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. and Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.08.010","article-title":"Knee biomechanics of moderate OA patients measured during gait at a self-selected and fast walking speed","volume":"40","author":"Landry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23552","article-title":"The human pelvis: variation in structure and function during gait","volume":"300","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anatomical Rec."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.04.003","article-title":"Age-related deficit in dynamic stability control after forward falls is affected by muscle strength and tendon stiffness","volume":"18","author":"Mademli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.07.010","article-title":"Gender differences in lower extremity gait biomechanics during walking using an unstable shoe","volume":"25","author":"NiggKET","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"199","article-title":"Joint angle parameters in gait: reference data for normal subjects, 10-79 years of age","volume":"31","author":"Oberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"10-79 yr.s age. PubMed"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105246","article-title":"Gender and age-related differences in bilateral lower extremity mechanics during treadmill running","volume":"9","author":"Phinyomark","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"9","article-title":"Three-dimensional human gait pattern - reference data for normal men","volume":"14","author":"Pietraszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-6362(97)01118-1","article-title":"Gait in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Prince","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gait and Posture"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/15246090260137626","article-title":"Gender differences in pelvic motions and center of mass displacement during walking: stereotypes quantified","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Women S Health and Gender-Based Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0118903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118903","article-title":"A wider pelvis does not increase locomotor cost in humans, with implications for the evolution of childbirth","volume":"10","author":"Warrener","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1515583\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T06:18:10Z","timestamp":1736489890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1515583\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1515583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1515583","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"article-number":"1515583"}}