{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:37:55Z","timestamp":1792791475463,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine may affect many structures, among them the intervertebral discs and the facet joints. The individual load distribution within the spine linked to posture and mass distribution is a probable cause of disease. This study had a dual aim: first, to systematically summarize previously reported associations between sagittal balance parameters and the occurrence of lumbar spine degeneration. Second, to complement these insights with additional biomechanical findings meant to elucidate the link between spine load and alignment as well as selected demographic descriptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed to identify clinical studies that quantified the association between spinal alignment and the occurrence of disc herniation, disc degeneration, facet joint degeneration, and spondylolisthesis. Further, a previously published musculoskeletal model was used to link sagittal spinal alignment and subject characteristics to joint loading within the lumbar spine for a cohort of 144 subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature review yielded 49 publications evaluating the relationship between spinal alignment and the occurrence of pathologies in the lumbar spine. The results indicate that a straight spine might negatively affect the health status of the intervertebral disc, likely because of a lack of damping and associated high compressive loads. These loads further show a major dependence on body weight. On the other hand, facet degeneration and spondylolisthesis may be linked to higher anterior-posterior shear forces acting on the relevant spinal structures because of a generally more sagittally curved spine. A straight lumbar spine is more likely to stress the disc, whereas highly curved spines with a high pelvic incidence are more likely to stress the posterior structures. The biggest influencing factors on the resulting force and consequently potentially the wear of the anatomical structures are the intervertebral inclination from an anatomical point of view and the weight from a demographic point of view.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information concerning spinal loading resulting from spinal alignment and body descriptors could impact both conservative treatment and operative planning for patients afflicted by spine disease through targeted changes in posture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1444540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T06:59:07Z","timestamp":1742281147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The triadic relationship between spinal posture, loading, and degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marie-Rosa","family":"Fasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal R.","family":"Furrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Fisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Urbanschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess G.","family":"Snedeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazda","family":"Farshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70005","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70005","article-title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in symptomatic patients","volume":"7","author":"Aboushaala","year":"2024","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198507000-00006","article-title":"Gradual disc prolapse","volume":"10","author":"Adams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4382-y","article-title":"Radiological analysis of upper lumbar disc herniation and spinopelvic sagittal alignment","volume":"25","author":"Bae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50836-4","article-title":"Relationship between paravertebral muscle degeneration and spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters in patients with lumbar disc herniation","volume":"14","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0294-6","article-title":"Sagittal balance of the pelvis-spine complex and lumbar degenerative diseases. A comparative study about 85 cases","volume":"16","author":"Barrey","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000303194.02921.30","article-title":"Spinopelvic alignment of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"61","author":"Barrey","year":"","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1930-3","article-title":"Sagittal balance disorders in severe degenerative spine. Can we identify the compensatory mechanisms?","volume":"20","author":"Barrey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0207997","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207997","article-title":"Dependence of lumbar loads on spinopelvic sagittal alignment: an evaluation based on musculoskeletal modeling","volume":"14","author":"Bassani","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"081003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4030408","article-title":"Development and validation of a musculoskeletal model of the fully articulated thoracolumbar spine and rib cage","volume":"137","author":"Bruno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomechanical Eng."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23524","article-title":"Incorporation of CT-based measurements of trunk anatomy into subject-specific musculoskeletal models of the spine influences vertebral loading predictions","volume":"35","author":"Bruno","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109621","article-title":"Spinal sagittal alignment goals based on statistical modelling and musculoskeletal simulations","volume":"102","author":"Caprara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.10.015","article-title":"The effect of obesity and gender on body segment parameters in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Chambers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-011-0290-6","article-title":"A Musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine","volume":"11","author":"Christophy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2489","article-title":"Spino-pelvic alignment, balance, and functional disability in patients with low-grade degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"50","author":"Chuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04440-0","article-title":"Assessment of sagittal spinopelvic parameters in a Taiwanese population with spondylolysis by the EOS imaging system: a retrospective radiological analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"261-","article-title":"Outline for the study of scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Cobb","year":"1948","journal-title":"Instr. Course Lect. AAOS"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00010","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in the human intervertebral disc: role in disc degeneration and scoliosis","volume":"22","author":"Crean","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199804150-00016","article-title":"Changes in cross-sectional area of psoas major muscle in unilateral sciatica caused by disc herniation","volume":"23","author":"Dangaria","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592118","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.592118","article-title":"Intervertebral disk degeneration: the microenvironment and tissue engineering strategies","volume":"9","author":"Dou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368136","article-title":"A barycentremetric study of the sagittal shape of spine and pelvis: the conditions required for an economic standing position","volume":"20","author":"Duval-Beaup\u00e8re","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1240-1","article-title":"Sagittal spinal alignment in patients with lumbar disc herniation","volume":"19","author":"Endo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721042","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.721042","article-title":"Subject-specific alignment and mass distribution in musculoskeletal models of the lumbar spine","volume":"9","author":"Fasser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12340","article-title":"Analysis of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in young Chinese patients with lumbar disc herniation","volume":"9","author":"Fei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3778-4","article-title":"Sagittal spinopelvic alignment in 654 degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"24","author":"Ferrero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218121","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218121","article-title":"Normal aging in human lumbar discs: an ultrastructural comparison","volume":"14","author":"Fontes","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2374-0","article-title":"Comparative study of spinopelvic sagittal alignment between patients with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"21","author":"Funao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"253","article-title":"Spinopelvic parameters in degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"85","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Belg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00116-w","article-title":"Relationship of sagittal spinal alignment with low back pain and physical performance in the general population","volume":"11","author":"Hira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199611010-00002","article-title":"Anatomic changes of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen associated with flexion-extension movement","volume":"21","author":"Inufusa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anatomic Changes Spinal Canal Intervertebral Foramen Assoc. Flexion-Extension Mov."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-13-34","article-title":"Increased pelvic incidence may lead to arthritis and sagittal orientation of the facet joints at the lower lumbar spine","volume":"13","author":"Jentzsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med. Imaging"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06569-6","article-title":"Age, pelvic incidence, facet joint angle and pedicle-facet angle as correlative factors for isthmic spondylolisthesis: a retrospective case control study","volume":"24","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000138279.53439.cc","article-title":"Spondylolisthesis, pelvic incidence, and spinopelvic balance: a correlation study","volume":"29","author":"Labelle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2073-z","article-title":"Correlation between the sagittal spinopelvic alignment and degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050038","article-title":"Pelvic incidence: a fundamental pelvic parameter for three-dimensional regulation of spinal sagittal curves","volume":"7","author":"Legaye","year":"1998","journal-title":"E Spine J."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.11.SPINE22979","article-title":"Correlation between the spinopelvic type and morphological characteristics of lumbar facet joints in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"38","author":"Leng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2013.53.2.96","article-title":"Difference of sagittal spinopelvic alignments between degenerative spondylolisthesis and isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"53","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2014.55.6.331","article-title":"Comparison of sagittal spinopelvic alignment between lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis and degenerative spinal stenosis","volume":"55","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3395-7","article-title":"Pelvic retroversion is the key protective mechanism of L4\u20135 degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1193-6","article-title":"Correlations between the feature of sagittal spinopelvic alignment and facet joint degeneration: a retrospective study","volume":"17","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1081","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001568","article-title":"Association between lumbar spine sagittal alignment and L4-L5 disc degeneration among asymptomatic young adults","volume":"41","author":"Menezes-Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08418-z","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of the femoro-sacral posterior angle system for measuring spino-pelvic morphology in high-dysplastic developmental spondylolisthesis","volume":"33","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","article-title":"Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging","volume":"166","author":"Modic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07351-3","article-title":"Differences in lumbar paraspinal muscle morphology in patients with sagittal malalignment undergoing posterior lumbar fusion surgery","volume":"31","author":"Muellner","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020275","article-title":"Unexpected sex differences in the relationship of sacroiliac joint and lumbar spine degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Muellner","year":"","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661258","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.661258","article-title":"Load distribution in the lumbar spine during modeled compression depends on lordosis","volume":"9","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.08.021","article-title":"The correlation between sagittal spinopelvic alignment and degree of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"24","author":"Nakamae","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2019-0051","article-title":"Association between spinopelvic alignment and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration quantified with magnetic resonance imaging T2 mapping in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"4","author":"Ogon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine Surg. Relat. Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2013.54.3.207","article-title":"The comparison of sagittal spinopelvic parameters between young adult patients with L5 spondylolysis and age-matched control group","volume":"54","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1833","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001833","article-title":"Clinical impact of sagittal spinopelvic parameters on disc degeneration in young adults","volume":"94","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.10.FOCUS22605","article-title":"Multilevel tandem spondylolisthesis associated with a reduced \u201csafe zone\u201d for a transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion at L4\u20135","volume":"54","author":"Oyekan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"227","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the facet joints: accuracy of oblique radiographic assessment","volume":"164","author":"Pathria","year":"1987"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02667349","article-title":"Segmental inertial parameters of the human trunk as determined from computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Pearsall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","article-title":"Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Pfirrmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-020-00693-5","article-title":"The impact of spino-pelvic parameters on pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation","volume":"106","author":"Pourabbas Tahvildari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Surg."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-001-0317-1","article-title":"The importance of spinopelvic parameters in patients with lumbar disc lesions","volume":"26","author":"Rajnics","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000152379.54463.65","article-title":"Classification of the normal variation in the sagittal alignment of the human lumbar spine and pelvis in the standing position","volume":"30","author":"Roussouly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1058","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001070","article-title":"The relationship between osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints and lumbosacropelvic morphology","volume":"40","author":"Sahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199610000-00001","article-title":"The history of spinal biomechanics","volume":"39","author":"Sanan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12015","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2022e12015","article-title":"Sagittal balance and intervertebral disc composition in patients with low back pain","volume":"55","author":"Savarese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1116","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002652","article-title":"The influence of concordant complex posture and loading rate on motion segment failure: a mechanical and microstructural investigation","volume":"43","author":"Schollum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1640-2","article-title":"Sagittal spinopelvic alignment and body mass index in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"20","author":"Schuller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.10.027","article-title":"Sensitivity of intervertebral joint forces to center of rotation location and trends along its migration path","volume":"70","author":"Senteler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23357","article-title":"Fusion angle affects intervertebral adjacent spinal segment joint forces-Model-based analysis of patient specific alignment","volume":"35","author":"Senteler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2015.1043906","article-title":"Intervertebral reaction force prediction using an enhanced assembly of OpenSim models","volume":"19","author":"Senteler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomechanics Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3132-7","article-title":"Pelvic incidence\u2013lumbar lordosis mismatch results in increased segmental joint loads in the unfused and fused lumbar spine","volume":"23","author":"Senteler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.10.001","article-title":"Facet joint tropism, pelvic incidence and intervertebral height index: associations with facet joint osteoarthritis in lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21696","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.21696","article-title":"The reliability of CT scan measurements of pelvic incidence in the evaluation of adult spondylolisthesis","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3126\/kumj.v19i4.49754","article-title":"Correlation of pelvic parameters with isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"19","author":"Shrestha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.020","article-title":"Does the sagittal spinal profile differ between the elderly Chinese populations with and without lumbar disc herniation?","volume":"45","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21925682231162813","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231162813","article-title":"The impact of spinopelvic alignment on the facet joint degeneration","author":"Soydan","year":"","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2022.101388","article-title":"Elucidation of effect of spinopelvic parameters in degenerative disc disease","volume":"69","author":"Soydan","year":"","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.019","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration over the entire spine in a population-based cohort: the Wakayama Spine Study","volume":"22","author":"Teraguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.028","article-title":"Mechanics and biology in intervertebral disc degeneration: a vicious circle","volume":"23","author":"Vergroesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0348-4","article-title":"Is there a sagittal imbalance of the spine in isthmic spondylolisthesis? A correlation study","volume":"16","author":"Vialle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5252-y","article-title":"A more realistic disc herniation model incorporating compression, flexion and facet-constrained shear: a mechanical and microstructural analysis. Part I: low rate loading","volume":"13","author":"Wade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000262","article-title":"How healthy discs herniate: a biomechanical and microstructural study investigating the combined effects of compression rate and flexion","volume":"39","author":"Wade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6699326","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6699326","article-title":"Cyclic mechanical stretch ameliorates the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells through promoting the ITGA2\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6593","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006593","article-title":"Radiological analysis for thoracolumbar disc herniation in spinopelvic sagittal alignment: a retrospective study","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5417","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005417","article-title":"Sagittal spinopelvic parameters in 2-level lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: a retrospective study","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5626487","article-title":"Hydrostatic pressure modulates intervertebral disc cell survival and extracellular matrix homeostasis via regulating hippo-YAP\/TAZ pathway","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050503","article-title":"MR imaging and CT in osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joints","volume":"28","author":"Weishaupt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.541","article-title":"Biomechanical contribution of spinal structures to stability of the lumbar spine\u2014novel biomechanical insights","volume":"20","author":"Widmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E587","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31828ca4bc","article-title":"Can prevention of a reherniation Be investigated? Establishment of a herniation model and experiments with an anular closure device","volume":"38","author":"Wilke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1300-0","article-title":"Coronal and sagittal spinal alignment in lumbar disc herniation with scoliosis and trunk shift","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e919667","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.919667","article-title":"Analysis of the relationship between modic change and spinopelvic parameters in the sagittal plane","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2837-0","article-title":"Association between back muscle degeneration and spinal-pelvic parameters in patients with degenerative spinal kyphosis","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3067-z","article-title":"The characteristics of spinopelvic sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar disc degenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01594","article-title":"Global alignment and proportion (GAP) score: development and validation of a new method of analyzing spinopelvic alignment to predict mechanical complications after adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"99","author":"Yilgor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.181972","article-title":"Differences of sagittal lumbosacral parameters between patients with lumbar spondylolysis and normal adults","volume":"129","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1083","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1083","article-title":"Spinopelvic alignment predicts disc calcification, displacement, and Modic changes: evidence of an evolutionary etiology for clinically\u2010relevant spinal phenotypes","volume":"3","author":"Zehra","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1129","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1129","article-title":"Spatial mapping of collagen content and structure in human intervertebral disk degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Zeldin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.3390\/app11062847","article-title":"In vitro model for lumbar disc herniation to investigate regenerative tissue repair approaches","volume":"11","author":"Zengerle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1444540\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1742281153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1444540\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1444540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1444540","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"article-number":"1444540"}}