{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T10:36:32Z","timestamp":1793529392874,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global running patterns vary along a spectrum defined by the degree of body verticality. This continuum ranges from extension (upright extended postures) to flexion (forward-leaning positions characterized by flexion at the hips and knees). Understanding these patterns is crucial for effective injury rehabilitation. Recent research has identified inefficiencies in vertical load management, leading to the development of extension- or flexion-based exercises. Insoles, while not typically designed for comprehensive extension or flexion adjustments, can complement these exercises. This study tested two novel insoles\u2014extension and flexion\u2014designed by a podiatrist based on principles such as higher shore values for enhanced extension increased thickness for greater flexion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen recreational runners ran at 12\u00a0km\/h on a treadmill under three conditions: no insole, extension insole, and flexion insole. We hypothesized that the extension insole would produce a lower duty factor (DF), greater vertical center of mass displacement (\u2206COM), and shorter time to maximum ankle pronation during ground contact (<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"m1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>max<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2061<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>\u2002<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>pron<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) with opposite effects expected for the flexion insole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>However, the results did not support this hypothesis, as no significant effects of either insole were observed on DF, \u2206COM, or <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"m2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>max<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2061<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>\u2002<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>pron<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula> compared to running without an insole (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2265 0.38). Additionally, there was considerable variation in individual responses to the insoles. The extension insole resulted in a more extended running pattern in 50% of participants, while the flexion insole produced a more flexed pattern in 44% of participants. Notably, only 11% of participants reported both a more extended running pattern with the extension insole and a more flexed running pattern with the flexion insole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anticipated effects of the insoles on running mechanics were not consistently observed, underscoring the complexity of insole interventions. This highlights the need for further research to improve insole design, refine insole prescription, and to better understand the nuances of running biomechanics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1501627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T05:24:34Z","timestamp":1744867474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two types of insoles design to influence running biomechanics in opposite directions and individual responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Patoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loris","family":"Trastour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Gindre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan","family":"Breine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Lussiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419308730011","article-title":"Deformation characteristics of the heel region of the shod foot during a simulated heel strike: the effect of varying midsole hardness","volume":"11","author":"Aerts","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2014.03.007","article-title":"Muscle activity and kinematics of forefoot and rearfoot strike runners","volume":"3","author":"Ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000113684.61351.b0","article-title":"Reduced eccentric loading of the knee with the pose running method","volume":"36","author":"Arendse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2012.735257","article-title":"Quantifying foot kinematics inside athletic footwear: a review","volume":"5","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000001846","article-title":"Grounded running reduces musculoskeletal loading","volume":"51","author":"Bonnaerens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.09.023","article-title":"Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment","volume":"74","author":"Braga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait and Posture"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1225970","article-title":"Initial foot contact and related kinematics affect impact loading rate in running","volume":"35","author":"Breine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509347985","article-title":"Predictors of running-related injuries in novice runners enrolled in a systematic training program: a prospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Buist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01110-z","article-title":"Biomechanical risk factors associated with running-related injuries: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Ceyssens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.10.356","article-title":"Effects of foot orthoses: how important is the practitioner?","volume":"35","author":"Chevalier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300406","article-title":"Shock absorption characteristics of running shoes","volume":"13","author":"Cook","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.09.163","article-title":"Is there a dose-response of medial wedge insoles on lower limb biomechanics in people with pronated feet during walking and running?","volume":"90","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000963","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000963","article-title":"Mechanics, energetics and implementation of grounded running technique: a narrative review","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport and Exerc. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0087892","article-title":"Space requirements of the seated operator: geometrical, kinematic, and mechanical aspects of the body with special reference to the limbs","volume-title":"Wright-patterson air force base, Ohio: wright air development center","author":"Dempster","year":"1955"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-0033(03)00025-1","article-title":"Gender differences in lower extremity mechanics during running","volume":"18","author":"Ferber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3028","article-title":"Competitive female runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics","volume":"40","author":"Ferber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop. and Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799x-3-7","article-title":"Effect of medial arch-heel support in inserts on reducing ankle eversion: a biomechanics study","volume":"3","author":"Fong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02640418608732116","article-title":"Kinematically mediated effects of sport shoe design: a review","volume":"4","author":"Frederick","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)00127-p","article-title":"Direct dynamics simulation of the impact phase in heel-toe running","volume":"28","author":"Gerritsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880483","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2022.880483","article-title":"PIMP your stride: preferred running form to guide individualized injury rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Gindre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Rehabilitation Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.11.012","article-title":"A mathematical model of the human body","volume":"1","author":"Hanavan","year":"1964","journal-title":"AMRL-TR. Aerosp. Med. Res. Laboratories"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.05.024","article-title":"Most marathon runners at the 2017 IAAF World Championships were rearfoot strikers, and most did not change footstrike pattern","volume":"92","author":"Hanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-124001","article-title":"Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2018 update","volume":"38","author":"Harriss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Metabolic and performance responses of male runners wearing 3 types of footwear: nike Vaporfly 4%, Saucony Endorphin racing flats, and their own shoes","author":"H\u00e9bert-Losier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences","author":"Hinkle","year":"2002"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13624","article-title":"A hierarchical cluster analysis to determine whether injured runners exhibit similar kinematic gait patterns","volume":"30","author":"Jauhiainen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. and Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.2.149","article-title":"Effects of three different posting methods on controlling abnormal subtalar pronation","volume":"74","author":"Johanson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526752","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1526752","article-title":"The effects of running shoe stack height on running style and stability during level running at different running speeds","volume":"13","author":"Kettner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52136-7_2","article-title":"Evolution of foot orthoses in sports","volume-title":"Athletic footwear and orthoses in sports medicine","author":"Kirby","year":"2017"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2018.1538066","article-title":"Effects of footwear midsole thickness on running biomechanics","volume":"37","author":"Law","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"147","article-title":"Ground reaction force differences between running shoes, racing flats, and distance spikes in runners","volume":"9","author":"Logan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. sports Sci. and Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0107","article-title":"Similar running economy with different running patterns along the aerial-terrestrial continuum","volume":"12","author":"Lussiana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. sports physiology Perform."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb192047","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.192047","article-title":"The implications of time on the ground on running economy: less is not always better","volume":"222","author":"Lussiana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00760-x","article-title":"Towards functionally individualised designed footwear recommendation for overuse injury prevention: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Mai","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.6.2326","article-title":"Groucho running","volume":"62","author":"Mcmahon","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(98)00038-4","article-title":"A model equation for the prediction of mechanical internal work of terrestrial locomotion","volume":"31","author":"Minetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0474-4","article-title":"Is there an economical tunning technique? A review of modifiable biomechanical factors affecting running economy","volume":"46","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095054","article-title":"Running shoes and running injuries: mythbusting and a proposal for two new paradigms: 'preferred movement path' and 'comfort filter","volume":"49","author":"Nigg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000048828.02268.79","article-title":"Effect of shoe inserts on kinematics, center of pressure, and leg joint moments during running","volume":"35","author":"Nigg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000001260","article-title":"The preferred movement path paradigm: influence of running shoes on joint movement","volume":"49","author":"Nigg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. and Sci. Sports and Exerc."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2017.1314357","article-title":"Different mechanisms and effects of wedged and dual hardness insoles on foot pronation during human running","volume":"9","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82876-z","article-title":"Implications of sample size and acquired number of steps to investigate running biomechanics","volume":"11","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0345","article-title":"There is No global running pattern more economic than another at endurance running speeds","volume":"17","author":"Patoz","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiology Perform."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044363","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1044363","article-title":"Using statistical parametric mapping to assess the association of duty factor and step frequency on running kinetic","volume":"13","author":"Patoz","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Physiology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110737","article-title":"A novel kinematic detection of foot-strike and toe-off events during noninstrumented treadmill running to estimate contact time","volume":"128","author":"Patoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.3390\/app10248818","article-title":"Duty factor reflects lower limb kinematics of running","volume":"10","author":"Patoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097892","article-title":"Efficacy of foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Rasenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-81-2-73","article-title":"A study of the properties of materials used in podiatry","volume":"81","author":"Rome","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.03.076","article-title":"Running in the wild: energetics explain ecological running speeds","volume":"32","author":"Selinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2010.542186","article-title":"The \u2018heel impact\u2019 force peak during running is neither \u2018heel\u2019 nor \u2018impact\u2019 and does not quantify shoe cushioning effects","volume":"3","author":"Shorten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90078-s","article-title":"The energetics of running and running shoes","volume":"26","author":"Shorten","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2016.1142003","article-title":"The influence of minimalist and maximalist footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of running","volume":"8","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-0033(99)00028-5","article-title":"Effects of foot orthoses on skeletal motion during running","volume":"15","author":"Stacoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000000254","article-title":"Joint kinetics in rearfoot versus forefoot running: implications of switching technique","volume":"46","author":"Stearne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. and Sci. Sports and Exerc."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2007.07.010","article-title":"Effects of varying material properties on the load deformation characteristics of heel cushions","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Eng. and Phys."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515620584","article-title":"Individual responses to a barefoot running program: insight into risk of injury","volume":"44","author":"Tam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.570675","article-title":"Simultaneous measurements of knee motion using an optical tracking system and radiostereometric analysis (RSA)","volume":"82","author":"Tranberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3182a63b81","article-title":"A test of the metabolic cost of cushioning hypothesis during unshod and shod running","volume":"46","author":"Tung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2019.00034","article-title":"The effect of EVA and TPU custom foot orthoses on running economy, running mechanics, and comfort","volume":"1","author":"Van Alsenoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1998642","article-title":"Increased footwear comfort is associated with improved running economy - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Van Alsenoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.1873411","article-title":"The biomechanics of running and running styles: a synthesis","volume":"23","author":"Van Oeveren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097355","article-title":"Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Whittaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1444094","article-title":"Textured insoles reduce vertical loading rate and increase subjective plantar sensation in overground running","volume":"18","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90048-3","article-title":"Representation and calculation of 3-D joint movement","volume":"10","author":"Woltring","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.111996","article-title":"Effect of midsole hardness and surface type cushioning on landing impact in heel-strike runners","volume":"165","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1501627\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T05:24:36Z","timestamp":1744867476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1501627\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1501627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1501627","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"article-number":"1501627"}}