{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T05:02:19Z","timestamp":1783832539010,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to evaluate the effect of GeLMA\/bFGF hydrogel loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on the repair and regeneration of traumatic optic nerve injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>GeLMA\/bFGF hydrogel was photo-cross-linked by LED light. The physical\u2013chemical properties and cytocompatibility of GeLMA\/bFGF hydrogel after being squeezed (GeLMA\/bFGF-SQ) were evaluated by SEM and degradation analyses, as well as live\/dead and CCK-8 assays, respectively. The axon growth of PC12 cells was evaluated by MAP2 staining. The GeLMA\/bFGF\/DPSCs-SQ hydrogel was injected <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> into the lesion site to observe the repair of optic nerve injury. The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was calculated by \u03b2III-tubulin staining. The length of regenerated axons was observed by CTB staining. Tissue recovery and axon growth of the optic nerve were observed by HE and TEM analyses, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GeLMA\/bFGF-SQ hydrogel had a porous structure and great degradability, as well as good cytocompatibility. Meanwhile, DPSCs-conditioned medium (DPSCs-CM) could promote the axon growth of PC12 cells. Moreover, the number of RGCs and the regeneration of axons of the optic nerve were the highest in the GeLMA\/bFGF\/DPSCs-SQ group. HE and TEM data revealed abundant newly and orderly arrangement of optic nerve axons that was observed in the damaged area of the GeLMA\/bFGF\/DPSCs-SQ group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transplantation of GeLMA\/bFGF\/DPSCs-SQ <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> provided an appropriate microenvironment for the repair and regeneration of injured optic nerves. Moreover, DPSCs combined with bFGF protected the RGCs from apoptosis and promoted optic nerve regeneration by secreting a series of neurotrophic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1528749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T06:55:40Z","timestamp":1740466540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Injective hydrogel encapsulating dental pulp stem cells for the treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lihua","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuimiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yidi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihui","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingsong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16064","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01379","article-title":"Thermosensitive bFGF-modified hydrogel with dental pulp stem cells on neuroinflammation of spinal cord injury","volume":"5","author":"Albashari","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302286","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302286","article-title":"Local spinal cord injury treatment using a dental pulp stem cell encapsulated H2 S releasing multifunctional injectable hydrogel","volume":"13","author":"Albashari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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