{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:13:00Z","timestamp":1793121180709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forehand and backhand forward lunges are frequently performed in badminton, placing significant demands on the lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in lower limb biomechanics between these two lunge types in female amateur players.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study involved 17 female amateur badminton players performing forehand and backhand forward lunges. Lower limb kinematics and dynamics were recorded using an eight-camera Vicon motion capture system and two AMTI force plates. Variables such as joint angle, range of motion, stiffness, and ground reaction forces measured during the stance phase were analyzed using paired t-tests. To account for the one-dimensional nature of joint angles, moments, and ground reaction forces, the analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests in Statistical Parametric Mapping 1D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The forehand lunge exhibited a smaller hip flexion angle, greater hip internal rotation angle, and increased hip stiffness compared to the backhand lunge. The backhand lunge, in contrast, demonstrated a higher ankle varus angle and greater transverse plane hip range of motion. SPM1D analysis revealed significant differences in both the early (0%\u201310%) and late (80%\u2013100%) phases of the stance phase. In the early phase, the backhand lunge showed a larger internal rotation moment at the hip, an external rotation moment at the knee, and a smaller knee extension moment. In the late phase, the forehand lunge revealed greater internal rotation moments at the hip, external rotation moments at the knee, ankle valgus moments, and smaller knee flexion moments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The backhand lunge requires greater hip internal rotation than the forehand lunge. Additionally, it is associated with higher ankle varus angles, which may increase the risk of ankle injuries. In contrast, the forehand lunge demonstrates greater hip stiffness, potentially reflecting an adaptation of the lower limb to varying directional demands. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating targeted ankle and hip training exercises into conditioning programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1558918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:36:26Z","timestamp":1740119786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lower limb biomechanical differences between forehand and backhand forward lunges in amateur female badminton players"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhonghao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bosi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongping","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.09.023","article-title":"Leg and lower limb dynamic joint stiffness during different walking speeds in healthy adults","volume":"82","author":"Akl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31817b8e9e","article-title":"Gender differences in time-frequency EMG analysis of unanticipated cutting maneuvers","volume":"40","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002283","article-title":"Lower extremity stiffness: considerations for testing, performance enhancement, and injury risk","volume":"33","author":"Brazier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"274","article-title":"Leg strength and stiffness as ability factors in 100 m sprint running","volume":"42","author":"Bret","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838080-00003","article-title":"Influence of running velocity on vertical, leg and joint stiffness: modelling and recommendations for future research","volume":"38","author":"Brughelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/s0268-0033(03)00071-8","article-title":"Lower extremity stiffness: implications for performance and injury","volume":"18","author":"Butler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0415","article-title":"Elastic coupling of limb joints enables faster bipedal walking","volume":"6","author":"Dean","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.05.011","article-title":"The effect of proprioceptive knee bracing on knee stability during three different sport related movement tasks in healthy subjects and the implications to the management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries","volume":"48","author":"Hanzl\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1748337","article-title":"Fatigue increases ankle sprain risk in badminton players: a biomechanical study","volume":"38","author":"Herbaut","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2018.02.001","article-title":"Injuries in French and Chinese regular badminton players","volume":"33","author":"Herbaut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2012-0151","article-title":"Kinetics of badminton lunges in four directions","volume":"30","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0137558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137558","article-title":"Characteristics of plantar loads in maximum forward lunge tasks in badminton","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.848998","article-title":"How does knee pain affect trunk and knee motion during badminton forehand lunges?","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00064-6","article-title":"Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle","volume":"33","author":"Komi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomechanics"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410903428533","article-title":"A biomechanical analysis of common lunge tasks in badminton","volume":"28","author":"Kuntze","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0205800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205800","article-title":"Understanding the impact loading characteristics of a badminton lunge among badminton players","volume":"13","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10300","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10300","article-title":"Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Lam","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.08.004","article-title":"Gender differences exist in neuromuscular control patterns during the pre-contact and early stance phase of an unanticipated side-cut and cross-cut maneuver in 15-18 years old adolescent soccer players","volume":"19","author":"Landry","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.04.003","article-title":"A state-of-the-art review on badminton lunge attributes","volume":"108","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280902993001","article-title":"Improved footwear comfort reduces oxygen consumption during running","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000378","article-title":"Review of the badminton lunge and specific training considerations","volume":"40","author":"Maloney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strength Cond. J."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2018.1460395","article-title":"Lower limb stiffness testing in athletic performance: a critical review","volume":"20","author":"Maloney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2024.2351964","article-title":"Aetiology, epidemiology and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in badminton players: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Marchena-Rodriguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1172723","article-title":"A biomechanical investigation of right-forward lunging step among badminton players","volume":"35","author":"Mei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2018.1501086","article-title":"Differences in impact characteristics, joint kinetics and measurement reliability between forehand and backhand forward badminton lunges","volume":"19","author":"Nielsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.08.014","article-title":"A comparison of forefoot stiffness in running and running shoe bending stiffness","volume":"38","author":"Oleson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2017.1321037","article-title":"Effects of forefoot bending stiffness of badminton shoes on agility, comfort perception and lower leg kinematics during typical badminton movements","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"B28","article-title":"S P M Tatistical Arametric Apping","author":"Pataky","year":"2017"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0287-2","article-title":"The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics","volume":"45","author":"Phomsoupha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0063","article-title":"The relationship between lower-body stiffness and dynamic performance","volume":"39","author":"Pruyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2014.06.008","article-title":"Muscle pre-activation strategies play a role in modulating Kvert for change of direction manoeuvres: an observational study","volume":"24","author":"Serpell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01567","article-title":"Players\u2019 on-court movements and contextual variables in badminton world championship","volume":"11","author":"Valldecabres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.04.002","article-title":"Relationship between gait biomechanics and inversion sprains: a prospective study of risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Willems","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2257513","article-title":"Dose\u2013response effect of incremental lateral-wedge hardness on the lower limb biomechanics during typical badminton footwork","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1558918\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:36:28Z","timestamp":1740119788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1558918\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1558918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1558918","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"article-number":"1558918"}}