{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:32:23Z","timestamp":1789583543041,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of isokinetic strength training combined with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on leg circumference, walking ability and muscle strength in patients with secondary lymphedema following gynecologic cancer surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inpatient rehabilitation department.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty-six patients with secondary lymphedema of the lower extremities following gynecologic cancer surgery were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 33 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The control group participated in a 4-week standardized MLD program. In addition to the MLD program, participants in the experimental group received additional isokinetic strength training for 20\u00a0min daily over the same 4-week period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower limb volume derived from the circumference measurements, Holden Gait Scale and Lovett muscle strength grading.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior to the intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups across all outcomes (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Post-intervention, statistically significant improvements were noted in the experimental group compared to the control group with respect to reduced lower extremity volume, improved walking ability, and increased muscle strength (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For patients with secondary lower limb lymphedema following gynecological tumor surgery, a combination of isokinetic strength training and MLD has been found to be more effective than MLD alone in reducing edema, improving walking ability, and enhancing muscle strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1568003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T05:39:43Z","timestamp":1747201183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effectiveness of isometric muscle training combined with manual lymphatic drainage on secondary lower extremity lymphedema following gynecologic cancer surgery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hewei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luxi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dapeng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2021.06.021j.avsg.2021.06.021","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of manual lymphatic drainage in pediatric lymphedema","volume":"78","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. 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