{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:35:53Z","timestamp":1788482153739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> has garnered increasing attention for its role in improving fermentation results and promoting the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the effects of exogenously introduced <jats:italic>Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/jats:italic> on the microbial community structure, functional gene expression, and volatile aroma profiles during the fermentation of cigar filler leaves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrated that <jats:italic>S. saprophyticus<\/jats:italic> significantly enhanced the accumulation of alcohols and ketones. LEfSe analysis identified <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> as a key differential genus in the inoculated group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive associations between <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>, as well as with key aroma compounds such as 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane and cis-6-nonenal. EGGNOG functional annotation indicated upregulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways. Additionally, CAZy analysis revealed increased abundance of glycosyltransferases and carbohydrate-binding modules, which may facilitate sugar conversion and utilization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of exogenous microorganisms in cigar fermentation and offer insights into the regulation of microbial community structure for quality improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1666879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T05:33:51Z","timestamp":1758605631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The impact of Staphylococcus saprophyticus on the fermentation of cigar filler tobacco leaves and the dynamics of microbial community"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongde","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.16872\/j.cnki.1671-4652.2019.01.015","article-title":"Progress of the domestic cigar filler tobacco","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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