{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:09:39Z","timestamp":1766390979236,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P35037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P35037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic candidates in regenerative medicine and the treatment of inflammatory diseases, yet their therapeutic effectiveness is limited by their heterogeneity. Clinical outcomes may be enhanced by isolating MSC subpopulations based on surface markers, including CD146. Many in vitro studies have investigated various cellular properties of MSC subpopulations that are enriched in CD146-expressing cells (CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup>) compared to those that are depleted in CD146-expressing cells (CD146<jats:sup>Depl.<\/jats:sup>) and\/or heterogeneous populations. Hence, this review aimed to systematically explore the basic cellular characteristics of MSC populations with different levels of CD146-expressing cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two electronic databases were searched until 9 September 2024. Studies were screened using PICO-based eligibility criteria whilst following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed by evaluating reporting and methodological criteria, modified from Samuel et al. A Meta-analysis was performed on four studies on population doubling time (PDT) and five studies on colony-forming (CF) potential comparing CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup> with CD146<jats:sup>Depl<\/jats:sup>. populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 29 in vitro studies were covered by this systematic review. PDT was slightly higher in CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup> MSCs compared to CD146<jats:sup>Depl.<\/jats:sup> MSCs, but without statistical significance (2.52 hours, 95% CI -7.69, 12.74, p = 0.63, n = 19 donors). Contrary, CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup> populations displayed significantly higher CF potential (1.29, 95% CI 0.41, 2.16, p = 0.004, n = 25 donors). All four studies assessing migration reported enhanced migratory potential in CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup> populations. Results from tri-lineage differentiation, proliferation, and immunomodulation were highly variable across studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, this systematic review indicates that CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup> MSCs demonstrate only partially enhanced cellular characteristics, depending on the investigated study. The substantial heterogeneity across included studies limits firm conclusions. To enable robust comparisons and to fully evaluate the clinical potential of CD146<jats:sup>Enr.<\/jats:sup>MSCs, standardized experimental protocols and outcome measures are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1668681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T05:31:44Z","timestamp":1758605504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Properties of MSC populations enriched in CD146-expressing MSCs \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Behm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Mi\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kr\u00e4mmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleh","family":"Andrukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5583421","article-title":"Comparison of the migration potential through microperforated membranes of CD146+ GMSC population versus heterogeneous GMSC population","volume":"2021","author":"Al Bahrawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v11.i9.604","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: implication in disease and tissue regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Andrukhov","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. 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