{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:13:55Z","timestamp":1790604835510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a complex group of cardiac abnormalities arising during fetal development. Despite advancements in diagnostics and surgery, CHD mechanisms remain elusive due to inadequate disease models. Recent innovations in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted organoid construction, which replicate tissue architecture and function, provide a promising\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    platform for modeling cardiac development and CHD progression with high precision. This review summarizes AI-driven approaches in CHD organoid construction, focusing on machine learning (ML) applications in self-assembly, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, tissue engineering, and microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technologies. We also discuss refinements in AI algorithms - such as support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees, and neural networks - to enhance cell-cell interaction analysis, optimize drug screening, and improve toxicity\/efficacy assessments. Looking ahead, AI is poised to accelerate CHD organoid translation to clinical practice, advancing precision medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1691972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T06:35:34Z","timestamp":1765348534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Artificial intelligence-assisted organoid construction in congenital heart disease: current applications and future prospects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Long","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Nan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yu","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hua","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ling","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01342-5","article-title":"An ensemble of neural networks provides expert-level prenatal detection of complex congenital heart disease","volume":"27","author":"Arnaout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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