{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:38:25Z","timestamp":1791999505124,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to investigate the effect of black phosphorus-doped silk fibroin (BP\/SF) coating on graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A BP\/SF-coated PET artificial ligament (BP\/SF-PET) was prepared, and its surface characteristics were examined using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The cytocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability of the BP\/SF-PET ligaments were evaluated\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In addition, uncoated PET (PET group, n = 15) and BP\/SF-coated PET (BP\/SF-PET group, n = 15) artificial ligaments were randomly applied for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rabbits. Micro-computed tomography (CT), and histological, immunofluorescent, and biomechanical analyses were performed 6 and 12\u00a0weeks postoperatively to evaluate graft-bone healing\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Material characterization results confirmed the presence of BP\/SF coating on the PET surface.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiment findings showed that BP\/SF coating enhanced the viability of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. The BP\/SF-PET group exhibited stronger Alizarin Red staining and greater expression of genes involved in osteogenesis (\n                    <jats:italic>COL1, OCN<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>OPN<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) than the PET group. Micro-CT and histological analyses showed enhanced graft osseointegration in the BP\/SF-PET group, as evidenced by new bone and fibrocartilage tissues developed at the graft-bone interface 12\u00a0weeks postoperatively. Accordingly, the histological scores in the BP\/SF-PET group were higher. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that positive staining cells for CD68 at 6\u00a0weeks were lower and for Wnt-5a and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -catenin at 12\u00a0weeks were higher in the BP\/SF-PET group than those in the PET group. Biomechanical analysis indicated that, at 12\u00a0weeks postoperatively, the BP\/SF-PET group showed a notably higher failure load and stiffness compared to the PET group. To conclude, BP\/SF coating significantly improved the biocompatibility and osteogenesis of PET artificial ligament, facilitating graft-bone integration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction via the Wnt\/\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -catenin signaling pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1698237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:51:48Z","timestamp":1768204308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Black phosphorus-doped silk fibroin coating improves osteogenesis for ameliorative graft-bone healing of polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligaments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jianxing","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiulin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianlun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51303","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ra08636a","article-title":"Effect of PET graft coated with silk fibroin via EDC\/NHS crosslink on graft-bone healing in ACL reconstruction","volume":"7","author":"Ai","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05984-5","article-title":"Massive foreign body reaction and osteolysis following primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the ligament augmentation and reconstruction system (LARS): a case report with histopathological and physicochemical analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ambrosio","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. 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