{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:45:23Z","timestamp":1776235523622,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The synthesis of nanomaterials aims to integrate scientific innovation with a commitment to address the UN\u2019s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our study reports two biotechnological protocols for the synthesis of colloidal Ag@ AgCl nanoparticles (Ag@AgCl-NPs) using the endemic Mauritian herb\n                      <jats:italic>Psiadia terebinthina<\/jats:italic>\n                      via microwave extraction (ME) and heat extraction (HE) methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Ag-based nanoparticles (NPs) containing colloids and extracts were tested for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The successful bottom-up phytosynthesis of Ag@AgCl-NPs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with chemical verification using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), crystallinity assessment using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV\u2013VIS and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and investigation of colloidal properties. Green synthesis approaches favored NP formation and colloidal stability. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G\u2212) bacteria and fungi using the broth microdilution assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while anti-inflammatory activity was examined using the bovine serum albumin (BSA) test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results confirmed the successful green bionanotechnological synthesis of Ag@AgCl-NPs with varying relative mass ratios, exhibiting spherical morphology and good crystallinity. Additionally, both colloids with Ag@AgCl-NPs exhibited exceptional synergistic antimicrobial effects against highly resistant G+ and G\u2212 bacterial pathogens and the yeast\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . They also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to ME or HE extracts, which, surprisingly, showed greater antioxidant activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thus, eco-friendly phytosynthesis from\n                      <jats:italic>Psiadia terebinthina<\/jats:italic>\n                      extracts yielded multifunctional hybrid products with potential utility in pharmacology, medicine, and toxicology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1743887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:44:06Z","timestamp":1776231846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytosynthesis of Ag@AgCl nanoparticles using two types of bionanotechnological protocols exhibiting unique antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yoshinee","family":"Doongoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius","place":["Reduit, Mauritius"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce G.","family":"Soulange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius","place":["Reduit, Mauritius"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kolen\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra","place":["Nitra, Slovakia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-025-01139-3","article-title":"Green synthesis of Ag\/AgCl nanoparticles using jatropha seed extract for photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial treatment of petroleum industry wastewater","volume":"6","author":"Abdel-Hafeez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. 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