{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:01:33Z","timestamp":1780038093787,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the Standing Spine\u2013Pelvis\u2013Lower Limb Biomechanical Parameters alignment patterns in patients with varus-type and neutral-type knee osteoarthritis (KOA), to examine the biomechanical characteristics across different sexes, and to provide new directions and theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of KOA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 308 patients with KOA who attended the Department of Orthopaedics III, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, between 1 October 2023 and 31 December 2024. The cohort included 68 males and 240 females, aged 44\u201385\u00a0years, with a mean age of 63 \u00b1 8.24\u00a0years. From the clinical observation records, the following parameters were collected: hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical axis deviation (MAD), Joint Line Convergence Angle (JLCA), Lateral Proximal Femoral Angle (LPFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), Lumbar Lordosis (LL), Sacral Slope (SS), and baseline demographic data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant differences were observed between varus-type and neutral-type patients in LPFA or SS (P &amp;gt; 0.05). However, principal component analysis revealed differences in the overall biomechanical models. Although no sex-related differences were found in the overall biomechanical model, the parameter compositions driving secondary principal components exhibited gender-specific characteristics. HKA was the leading principal component across all groups, and LPFA consistently served as a major influencing factor. Among varus-type patients, SS was the secondary component in males, whereas LL predominated in females. Among neutral-type patients, LL was the secondary component in males, while mMPTA was the dominant secondary component in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with varus and neutral KOA exhibit distinct overall Standing Spine\u2013Pelvis\u2013Lower Limb Biomechanical Parameters alignment patterns and sex-specific biomechanical characteristics. The principal component analysis results reveal different multivariate alignment patterns across subgroups, suggesting possible interactions within the spine\u2013pelvis\u2013lower limb chain, with both sex-specific and type-specific patterns. Therefore, clinical evaluation and treatment of KOA should extend beyond the knee joint itself. LPFA is also critically important, and individualized assessment should be conducted from a holistic biomechanical perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1756378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1780034559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement and analysis of standing spine\u2013pelvis\u2013lower limb biomechanical parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis based on principal component analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yicong","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youyue","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangqing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34892","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34892","article-title":"Public knowledge of osteoarthritis in Al-Qunfudah governorate, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Alkalash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06283-z","article-title":"MAKO CT-based robotic arm-assisted system is a reliable procedure for total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Batailler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Official Journal ESSKA"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BMSAS.0001110300.80401.0b","article-title":"GE Optima XR Mobile Radiography Systems","volume":"55","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. 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