{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:57:47Z","timestamp":1781081867206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inflammation is an important biological process to be considered in designing successful biomaterial-based therapeutics. Indeed, prolonged inflammation can result in delayed wound healing and, in some cases, may cause the rejection of the biomaterial together with additional tissue damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in this critical intercellular communication to modulate bone healing. In this study, MSCs were employed as\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    model in order to evaluate the biological performances, in terms of immune response, of Bio-Oss\u00ae\/Avitene\u2122 composite scaffold. Moreover, new bone formation was evaluated in patients undergoing maxillomandibular osteotomy for skeletal malocclusion, facial asymmetry, or aesthetic indications, using a Bio-Oss\u00ae\/Avitene\u2122 composite scaffold. The early inflammatory response of human bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was investigated\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysing the gene expression of IL-6 and IL-8 using Droplet Digital PCR and the release of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors using Bio-Plex approach. Clinical evaluation was performed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Bio-Oss\u00ae\/Avitene\u2122 decreases the IL-6 expression, quantified with Droplet Digital PCR approach. Bio-Plex reveals that the protein levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were reduced, while IL-4, IL-8 and VEGF were increased by the scaffold in cells up to day 7. CBCT assessment in patients demonstrated stable outcomes, supporting the potential for long-term aesthetic restoration of the zygomatic region. These findings indicate that Bio-Oss\u00ae\/Avitene\u2122 possesses immunomodulatory potential and is capable of directing anti-inflammatory, immune-mediated responses associated with bone regrowth for the treatment of dentofacial deformities through orthognathic surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1795343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:03:16Z","timestamp":1781078596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bio-Oss\u00ae\/Avitene\u2122 composite scaffold promotes maxillofacial bone regeneration via early osteoimmunomodulation of BM-MSCs: an in vitro and clinical study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"Iaquinta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"De Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona","place":["Verona, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Lonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona","place":["Verona, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Trevisiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Lobbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona","place":["Verona, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assia","family":"Benkhalqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]},{"name":"Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona","place":["Verona, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Finotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Breveglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Tognon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Mazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248412453875","article-title":"Human macrophage regulation via interaction with cardiac adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells","volume":"18","author":"Adutler-Lieber","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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