{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T23:02:33Z","timestamp":1779750153469,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electrospun gelatin\/polycaprolactone (GT\/PCL) nanofibrous membranes in repairing full-thickness buccal mucosal defects in beagle dogs, compared with clinically used acellular dermal matrix (ADM) membranes, thereby providing experimental evidence for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, a stable, full-thickness buccal mucosal defect model (2.5\u00a0cm \u00d7 1.5\u00a0cm) was established in beagle dogs using individually designed and fitted palatal protectors. A stepwise bilateral self-paired design was then adopted. In Part I, GT\/PCL membranes were implanted into one side of the defect (n = 3), with the contralateral untreated side serving as the control. Macroscopic observations were performed at postoperative days 7 and 14. At day 14, histological assessments\u2014including hematoxylin\u2013eosin (HE) staining, Masson\u2019s trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining for CD34 and \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA), along with hydroxyproline (Hyp) quantification\u2014were used to assess wound shrinkage, epithelial regeneration, collagen formation, angiogenesis, and myofibroblast-associated remodeling. In Part II, GT\/PCL and ADM membranes were separately implanted into bilateral defects in an additional 9 beagle dogs, which were equally allocated to day 7, day 14, and day 28 endpoint subgroups (n = 3 per time point), followed by comparative analyses of the same outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The individually tailored palatal protectors effectively shielded the implanted materials. Compared with the control, GT\/PCL membranes significantly accelerated wound healing, evidenced by a lower wound shrinkage rate (P &amp;lt; 0.05), thicker regenerated epithelium (P &amp;lt; 0.05), higher collagen volume fraction and Hyp content (P &amp;lt; 0.05), increased neovascularization (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and reduced \u03b1-SMA expression (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In comparison with ADM, GT\/PCL membranes promoted significantly greater early epithelial ingrowth and higher collagen-related indices at days 7 and 14 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). However, wound shrinkage rate, neovascularization (CD34-positive vessels), and \u03b1-SMA expression did not differ significantly between the two groups (P &amp;gt; 0.05). By day 28, most outcomes were comparable between GT\/PCL and ADM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GT\/PCL electrospun nanofibrous membranes exhibit good biocompatibility and effectively support repair of buccal mucosal defects. Compared with spontaneous healing, GT\/PCL improved early wound repair. Compared with ADM, GT\/PCL promoted earlier epithelial ingrowth and collagen-related matrix deposition during the early phase of healing. However, because most differences between GT\/PCL and ADM were attenuated by postoperative day 28, the present findings support an early reparative advantage of GT\/PCL rather than definitive long-term superiority over ADM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1800763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T22:10:20Z","timestamp":1779747020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the efficacy of electrospun gelatin\/polycaprolactone nanofiber membranes in repairing beagle dog buccal mucosa defects and a comparative study with acellular dermal matrix"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Regional Medical Center Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Regional Medical Center Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gensen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Regional Medical Center Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Regional Medical Center Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Regional Medical Center Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Facial Plastic and Reconstruction, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100692","article-title":"Preparation of co-electrospinning membrane loaded with simvastatin and substance P to accelerate bone regeneration by promoting cell homing, angiogenesis and osteogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Al-Baadani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. 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