{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:32:40Z","timestamp":1791829960350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Organic\u2013inorganic hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising platforms in biomedicine owing to their architecturally sophisticated frameworks, stimulus-responsive properties, and tunable functionalities. Despite their potential, the influence of framework composition on the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    fate of MSNs remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we systematically evaluate the toxicity, biodistribution, and immunological impact of MSNs featuring three distinct frameworks\u2014pure Si-O, disulfide-bridged, and diselenide-bridged matrices\u2014following oral administration in mice. None of the MSN variants induced mortality at doses up to 2000\u00a0mg\/kg. Comprehensive hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses revealed no overt toxicity upon repeated exposure. Notably, diselenide-bridged MSNs, characterized by enhanced degradability, exhibited accelerated clearance from the liver, spleen, and kidneys relative to their counterparts. Furthermore, all MSN types demonstrated a high degree of immunological safety, as evidenced by unaltered immune cell profiles and the absence of significant inflammatory responses. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the design of organic\u2013inorganic hybrid MSNs with controllable degradability and clearance kinetics, informing their rational development for biomedical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1834001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:38:10Z","timestamp":1782797890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Toxicity of orally administrated biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, South China University of Technology","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, South China University of Technology","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanfen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University","place":["Xuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yige","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University","place":["Xuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-023-05690-w","article-title":"Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review","volume":"25","author":"Abbasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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