{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:06:30Z","timestamp":1784099190675,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"United Kingdom Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/V055410\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V055410\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Measuring monoclonal proteins (M-proteins) plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of plasma cell dyscrasias. Measurements of M-proteins are mostly conducted by electrophoresis, which requires complex sample processing and takes several hours to obtain a result. In this work, IgG kappa M-protein (IgG\n                    <jats:sub>\u03ba<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and IgG lambda M-protein (IgG\n                    <jats:sub>\u03bb<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) sensors are developed based on a long-period grating optical fiber sensor. The IgG\n                    <jats:sub>\u03ba<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensor has a limit of detection (LoD) of 2.78\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and a selectivity of 9.73. The IgG\n                    <jats:sub>\u03bb<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensor has an LoD of 2.75\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and a selectivity of 27.9. The sensor has sufficient sensitivity to detect clinically relevant M-protein levels, highlighting its significant potential as a rapid, easy-to-use point-of-care testing (POCT) platform with strong clinical applicability in healthcare.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1837135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:10:34Z","timestamp":1784095834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-period grating optical fiber sensor for IgG-type monoclonal protein measurement"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peizhou","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, University of Nottingham","place":["Nottingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, University of Nottingham","place":["Nottingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, University of Nottingham","place":["Nottingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serhiy","family":"Korposh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, University of Nottingham","place":["Nottingham, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation","volume":"29","author":"Armbruster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemist Reviews"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073003","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8986\/aac68d","article-title":"Biomedical application of optical fibre sensors","volume":"20","author":"Correia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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