{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:18:55Z","timestamp":1783491535105,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The extreme high-altitude environment\u2014characterized by hypobaric hypoxia, intense ultraviolet radiation, and severe cold and aridity\u2014imposes complex physical and biochemical stresses that synergistically drive pronounced cutaneous oxidative stress and barrier collapse. Given the limited capacity of conventional interventions to restore damaged cutaneous microenvironments, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free regenerative modality for multitarget intervention. By delivering a diverse repertoire of bioactive molecules, SC-EVs concurrently help restore reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, attenuate inflammatory cascades, modulate angiogenesis, and mitigate extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, thereby promoting coordinated restoration of cutaneous homeostasis. Nevertheless, the rapid\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    clearance and limited structural stability of native EVs severely bottleneck their clinical translation. To surmount these limitations, advanced nanodelivery platforms\u2014such as stimuli-responsive hydrogels and liposomal hybrids\u2014may provide strategies to improve the targeted spatial retention, spatiotemporal release, and overall bioavailability of EVs. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which SC-EVs counteract composite high-altitude skin injuries. By bridging cutting-edge nanodelivery technologies with altitude-specific therapeutic adaptations, we delineate a potential translational framework for developing non-invasive nanotherapeutics tailored for the precise prevention and treatment of high-altitude dermatological damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1847706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:57:59Z","timestamp":1783490279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for high-altitude skin injuries: pathological mechanisms, advanced Nano-delivery, and translational perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/su11010189","article-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in transport: an overview","volume":"11","author":"Abduljabbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000894","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-000894","article-title":"Drone-based medical delivery in the extreme conditions of Himalayan region: a feasibility study","volume":"2","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Public Health"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"14","article-title":"Topical vitamin C and the skin: mechanisms of action and clinical applications","volume":"10","author":"Al-Niaimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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