{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:00:32Z","timestamp":1785308432154,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Plant-derived extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles (EVLNs) represent a promising category of natural nanocarriers with significant potential for therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties and pharmacological functions of vesicles derived from Dendrobium officinale (Do-EVLNs) remain inadequately characterized. This study systematically elucidates the structural characteristics,\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n regenerative and anti-inflammatory functions, and the comprehensive whole-transcriptome molecular landscape of Do-EVLNs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Do-EVLNs were isolated through differential ultracentrifugation. Physicochemical characterization was conducted to detect vesicle properties.\n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n cellular assays were performed to evaluate cellular uptake, biological function of Do-EVLNs in human skin cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n anti-inflammatory assessment. Comprehensive strand-specific transcriptomic profiling (miRNAs, lncRNAs, mRNAs, and circRNAs) and differential expression analysis together with bioinformatic functional enrichment analyses were carried out.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Physicochemical characterization revealed spherical vesicles with a mean diameter of 132.1 \u00b1 1.9 nm, a stable yield of 5.7 \u00d7 10\n 10<\/jats:sup>\n particles\/mL, and a negative zeta potential of \u221224 \u00b1 0.16 mV.\n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n cellular assays confirmed efficient internalization of Do-EVLNs by key human-skin-resident cells (HUVECs, HACAT cells, and BJ-1 cells). Functionally, Do-EVLNs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and significantly enhanced tissue repair phenotypes, notably improving the wound closure rate by over 40% within 24 h (p &lt; 0.05), stimulating capillary-like network formation, and reducing apoptosis through the promotion of the G1-to-S cell-cycle transition. Importantly,\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n anti-inflammatory assessment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages indicated that Do-EVLNs exhibited no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5\u201320 \u03bcg\/mL. Upon treatment, Do-EVLNs substantially suppressed inflammation by reversing the transcriptional and translational expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner, returning protein secretion to levels approaching those of the baseline vehicle control, while concurrently promoting the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Comprehensive strand-specific transcriptomic profiling uncovered a highly selective nucleic acid packaging mechanism unique to the EVLNs, distinct from parental tissues. Differential expression analysis identified an enriched and complex cargo in Do-EVLNs, including 1,163 upregulated miRNAs (notably inflammation-resolving markers such as miR-223\u20135p and the miR-169 family), 2,188 lncRNAs, and 5,505 mRNAs (p &lt; 0.05). Bioinformatic functional enrichment analyses suggested that these specialized molecular cargoes are likely to modulate critical host signaling pathways, particularly the PI3K\/AKT pathway, cellular metabolism, and cytoskeletal remodeling, which are crucial in mediating inflammatory responses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n These quantitative findings lay a solid foundation for the upcoming development of Do-EVLNs as novel bioactive nanotherapeutics aimed at promoting skin homeostasis and enhancing wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1848009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:02:54Z","timestamp":1785304974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dendrobium officinale nanovesicles: transcriptomic landscape and anti-inflammatory roles"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Biren","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Bao\u2019an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center","place":["Shanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Bao\u2019an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiazhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Bao\u2019an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songzhu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Bao\u2019an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105102","article-title":"Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expressed in plant cells induces kynurenine production","volume":"22","author":"Bellucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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