{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:19Z","timestamp":1781762119393,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maintaining therapeutic fluoride ion concentrations is essential for preventing enamel demineralization and treating dental defects. However, achieving localized retention and sustained release in the dynamic oral environment remains a significant challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a multifunctional fluoride ion delivery platform to bridge the gap between high-capacity ion loading and clinical stability at the target site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We engineered a hybrid delivery system by integrating fluoride adsorbing magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles (FSMNs) into an ultra-fast photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid hydrogel matrix (HFMM\/PEG). The HFMM polymer, featuring both methacrylic acid and norbornene groups, was synthesized to facilitate rapid\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      gelation via thiol ene click chemistry, allowing for sprayable application. The FSMN carriers were constructed with a Fe\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      core and a mesoporous silica shell functionalized with chelated Ni\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ions to maximize adsorption. Release kinetics were quantified over 168\u00a0h, and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      biocompatibility was evaluated using human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The HFMM\/PEG\/FSMN-F\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      composite significantly decelerated release kinetics, with only 30%\u201334% of fluoride ions released within 3\u00a0h compared to over 60% in traditional fluoride-doped hydrogels. The system maintained a stable and therapeutic fluoride release for up to 168\u00a0h (1\u00a0week), reaching a cumulative release equilibrium of approximately 90%. Furthermore,\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      evaluations using human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) confirmed the scaffold\u2019s excellent biocompatibility and cell proliferation properties.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      anti-\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies demonstrated that the HFMM\/PEG\/FSMN-F\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      had robust caries prevention capacity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This hybrid hydrogel system bridged the gap between high-capacity ion loading and clinical retention, offering a promising strategy for the long-term prevention of white spot lesions (early caries) in orthodontic and restorative dentistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1860798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:30:48Z","timestamp":1781760648000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a fast-crosslinking hydrogel system doped with magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles for sustained fluoride ion release and caries prevention"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78918-x","article-title":"Comparative measurement of short-term fluoride release and inhibition of caries around restoration by ion releasing restorative materials: an in vitro study","volume":"15","author":"El-Adl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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