{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:13:10Z","timestamp":1788300790483,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007835","name":"Wenzhou Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by dental plaque biofilms and characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and progressive alveolar bone destruction. Although conventional therapies can control infection, their clinical efficacy is often limited by insufficient local drug retention, short release duration, and limited regenerative capacity. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as promising local delivery systems because of their biocompatibility, injectability, and controllable release behavior, allowing minimally invasive administration into irregular periodontal defects. Beyond prolonged local drug delivery, injectable hydrogels can also modulate inflammation and promote periodontal tissue regeneration through combined antibacterial, antioxidative, and immunoregulatory effects. This review summarizes recent advances in injectable hydrogels for periodontitis treatment, with emphasis on material classification, multifunctional therapeutic strategies, and stimuli-responsive systems triggered by pH, reactive oxygen species, and temperature changes. Remaining challenges related to mechanical stability, functional integration, and clinical translation are also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1874053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:35:15Z","timestamp":1783575315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of injectable hydrogels in the treatment of periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingtong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuannan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-023-00774-x","article-title":"Osteoimmunology in periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"21","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13419","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113419","article-title":"Impact of oral mesenchymal stem cells applications as a promising therapeutic target in the therapy of periodontal disease","volume":"23","author":"Amato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00614-5","article-title":"Probiotics as an adjunctive therapy in periodontitis treatment\u2014Reality or illusion\u2014A clinical perspective","volume":"10","author":"Baddouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.07.014","article-title":"An NIR-Propelled Janus nanomotor with enhanced ROS-scavenging, immunomodulating and biofilm-eradicating capacity for periodontitis treatment","volume":"41","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2024.113423","article-title":"Eco-friendly development of intrinsically antibacterial and mechanically robust self-healing hydrogels using alginate and oval proteins: advancing periodontitis treatment","volume":"220","author":"Bashir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15141799","article-title":"Twelve-month follow-up after the treatment of periodontal conditions using scaling and root planning alone vs. laser-assisted new attachment procedure","volume":"15","author":"Bechir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.106056","article-title":"Clinical effect of Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical periodontal treatment on stage II\/III periodontitis","volume":"162","author":"Bian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601464","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1601464","article-title":"Antibiotics in periodontal treatment: an umbrella review","volume":"15","author":"Botelho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403786","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403786","article-title":"A microenvironment\u2010responsive, controlled release hydrogel delivering embelin to promote bone repair of periodontitis via anti\u2010infection and osteo\u2010immune modulation","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.120425","article-title":"Thermo\u2010reversible green tea catechin gel for local application in chronic periodontitis: a 4\u2010week clinical trial","volume":"84","author":"Chava","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01196","article-title":"Thermoresponsive hydrogel-based local delivery of simvastatin for the treatment of periodontitis","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02461-0","article-title":"The application of phenylboronic acid pinacol ester functionalized ROS-Responsive multifunctional nanoparticles in the treatment of periodontitis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503338","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503338","article-title":"Customized hydrogel system for the spatiotemporal sequential treatment of periodontitis propelled by ZEB1","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409121","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409121","article-title":"Controlling alveolar bone loss by hydrogel\u2010based mitigation of oral dysbiosis and bacteria\u2010triggered proinflammatory immune response","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mat."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114452","article-title":"Injectable hypoxia-preconditioned human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells encapsulated within GelMA-AMP microspheres for bone regeneration in periodontitis","volume":"247","author":"Chen","year":"","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04219-2","article-title":"Injectable dual-drug hydrogel containing curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid for biofilm inhibition and immunomodulatory therapy in periodontitis","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18415-6","article-title":"Promoting induced pluripotent stem cell-driven biomineralization and periodontal regeneration in rats with maxillary-molar defects using injectable BMP-6 hydrogel","volume":"8","author":"Chien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"82","article-title":"Local drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis: a literature review","volume":"17","author":"Da Rocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Int. Acad. Periodontol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00096","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202500096","article-title":"Recent advances in injectable hydrogel biotherapeutics for regenerative dental medicine","volume":"25","author":"Dal-Fabbro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.03.007","article-title":"In situ forming injectable hydrogels for drug delivery and wound repair","volume":"127","author":"Dimatteo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384326","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1384326","article-title":"Bioactive injectable mucoadhesive thermosensitive natural polymeric hydrogels for oral bone and periodontal regeneration","volume":"12","author":"El-Nablaway","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5339\/gcsp.2013.38","article-title":"Hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering: progress and challenges","volume":"2013","author":"El-Sherbiny","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162159","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2162159","article-title":"Syringeable atorvastatin loaded eugenol enriched PEGylated cubosomes in-situ gel for the intra-pocket treatment of periodontitis: statistical optimization and clinical assessment","volume":"30","author":"Elgendy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53290-6","article-title":"Polyphenol-mediated redox-active hydrogel with H2S gaseous-bioelectric coupling for periodontal bone healing in diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412240","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412240","article-title":"An immunomodulatory hydrogel featuring antibacterial and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties for treating periodontitis in diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Ge","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Mat."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.10.058","article-title":"Inflammation-responsive biodegradable nanocomposite hydrogels for enhanced metalloimmunotherapy in chronic periodontitis","volume":"208","author":"Ge","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605672","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1605672","article-title":"Recent advances in hydrogels for treating periodontal diseases and oral mucosal diseases","volume":"13","author":"Gui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12331","article-title":"Current understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and targets for host\u2010modulation therapy","volume":"84","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1800826","article-title":"Bone graft paste nanohydroxyapatite chitosan-gelatin (nHA\/KG) for periodontal regeneration: study on three-dimensional cell culture","volume":"19","author":"Harsas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615486","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/615486","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis","volume":"2015","author":"Hienz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125850","article-title":"Revolutionizing periodontitis treatment: the promise of GelMA hydrogel","volume":"681","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82585","article-title":"Osteoblast-derived VEGF regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation during bone repair","volume":"126","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128596","article-title":"An injectable gel based on photo-cross-linkable hyaluronic acid and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for periodontitis treatment","volume":"257","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101907","article-title":"Multifunctional injectable hydrogel incorporating EGCG-Cu complexes for synergistic antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and osteogenic therapy in periodontitis","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mat. Today Bio"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0345","article-title":"LPS-Stimulated inflammatory environment inhibits BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation through crosstalk between TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB and BMP\/smad signaling","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119847","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1119847","article-title":"TRAF-STOP alleviates osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12192335","article-title":"Influence of extracellular matrix components on the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in collagen I hydrogel","volume":"12","author":"Ivanov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114451","article-title":"Bindarit-loaded hydrogel sustained-release system alleviates periodontitis in mice via C C motif chemokine ligand 2-dependent monocyte chemotaxis","volume":"389","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05392-6","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with concurrent systemic conditions","volume":"28","author":"Joseph","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140561","article-title":"An injectable gelatin methacrylate containing surface-imprinted chitosan-modified bioglass microspheres for potential periodontitis treatment","volume":"302","author":"Khademi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-012-9781-8","article-title":"Preparation and investigation of sustained drug delivery systems using an injectable, thermosensitive, in situ forming hydrogel composed of PLGA\u2013PEG\u2013PLGA","volume":"13","author":"Khodaverdi","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16071","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.71","article-title":"Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mat."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124263","article-title":"Active targeting microemulsion-based thermosensitive hydrogel against periodontitis by reconstructing Th17\/Treg homeostasis via regulating ROS-Macrophages polarization cascade","volume":"659","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c00220","article-title":"Advances in hydrogels for periodontitis treatment","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214397","article-title":"Injectable composite hydrogels based on minocycline and NIR photothermal therapy for antimicrobial and bone regeneration","volume":"177","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7981","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c15227","article-title":"Bioactive zn\u2013v\u2013si\u2013ca glass nanoparticle hydrogel microneedles with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties for bone regeneration in diabetic periodontitis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408034","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202408034","article-title":"A smart injectable hydrogel with dual responsivity to arginine gingipain A and reactive oxygen species for multifunctional therapy of periodontitis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03698-z","article-title":"Injectable responsive hydrogel with synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for enhanced periodontitis treatment","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.102781","article-title":"Non-antibiotic lipid complex-in-thermogel strikes twice: multimodal photosensitive antibacterial meets immunomodulation-boosted healing for periodontitis treatment","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Mat. Today Bio"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2026.114688","article-title":"Injectable schiff base-engineered hydrogel for spatiotemporal liraglutide delivery orchestrates diabetic periodontitis regression via multimodal microenvironment reprogramming","volume":"392","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S248538","article-title":"Hybrid hydrogels for synergistic periodontal antibacterial treatment with sustained drug release and NIR-responsive photothermal effect","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17014","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2017.14","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36880","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c08855","article-title":"Gingipain-responsive thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with SDF-1 facilitates in situ periodontal tissue regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.03.046","article-title":"ZIF-8 modified multifunctional injectable photopolymerizable GelMA hydrogel for the treatment of periodontitis","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.02.011","article-title":"Piezoelectric hydrogel for treatment of periodontitis through bioenergetic activation","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136085","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid methacrylate\/Pluronic F127 hydrogel enhanced with spermidine-modified mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles for efficient synergistic periodontitis treatment","volume":"281","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300281","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202300281","article-title":"Multifunctionalized and dual\u2010crosslinked hydrogel promotes inflammation resolution and bone regeneration via NLRP3 inhibition in periodontitis","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02555-9","article-title":"Dynamic hydrogel\u2013metal\u2013organic framework system promotes bone regeneration in periodontitis through controlled drug delivery","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140434","article-title":"Gelatin methacryloyl-phenylboronic acid\/hydroxyadamantane self-healing microgels for the periodontitis treatment by promoting alveolar bone regeneration","volume":"303","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00956H","article-title":"Advances in stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202418882","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202418882","article-title":"pH\u2010responsive polyglycerol nanogels for periodontitis treatment through antibacterial and pro\u2010angiogenesis action","volume":"64","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03601-w","article-title":"Photosensitive small intestinal submucosal hydrogels loaded with the KR-12-a5 peptide promote periodontal osteogenesis and antimicrobial activity","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/ajprhc.ajprhc_86_24","article-title":"In situ gels for periodontitis: an overview","volume":"16","author":"Mallamma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Res. Health Care"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2296","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.204","article-title":"Double-edged-sword effect of IL-1\u03b2 on the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells via crosstalk between the NF-\u03baB, MAPK and BMP\/Smad signaling pathways","volume":"7","author":"Mao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122885","article-title":"Multifunctional sericin-based biomineralized nanoplatforms with immunomodulatory and angio\/osteo-genic activity for accelerated bone regeneration in periodontitis","volume":"314","author":"Ming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15060903","article-title":"Advances in local drug delivery for periodontal treatment: present strategies and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Nakajima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141841","article-title":"Injectable sodium alginate\/4-arm polyethylene glycol-lipoic acid double-network hydrogel loading Ca2+-tannic acid nanocomposite treats periodontitis via anti-bacteria, ROS scavenging and osteogenesis","volume":"307","author":"Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6927","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5c01232","article-title":"Tetrahydroxy diboron-initiated injectable hydrogel with integrated rapid gelation, fatigue resistance, bioadhesion, antibacterial activity, ROS scavenging, and osteoinduction for periodontitis treatment","volume":"26","author":"Pan","year":"","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137893","article-title":"Hydrogel design and applications for periodontitis therapy: a review","volume":"284","author":"Pan","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112777","article-title":"ROS-Responsive and scavenging bifunctional hydrogel enables co-delivery of anti-inflammatory agent and osteogenetic nanoparticle for periodontitis treatment","volume":"239","author":"Peng","year":"","journal-title":"Mat. Des."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02592-4","article-title":"A new direction in periodontitis treatment: biomaterial-mediated macrophage immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Peng","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.102911","article-title":"Designing adhesive hydrogels for oral diseases treatment","volume":"37","author":"Peng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mat. Today Bio"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101711","article-title":"Microenvironment-sensitive hydrogels as promising drug delivery systems for co-encapsulating microbial homeostasis probiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs to treat periodontitis","volume":"32","author":"Quan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mat. Today Bio"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6005","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB03070A","article-title":"Recent advances in injectable hydrogel therapies for periodontitis","volume":"12","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. B"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-014-0190-1","article-title":"Clinical effect of locally delivered gel containing green tea extract as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment","volume":"104","author":"Rattanasuwan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/jphi.JPHI_82_17","article-title":"Effect of local application of curcumin and ornidazole gel in chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"7","author":"Ravishankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.07.003","article-title":"Dual nanozymes-loaded core-shell microneedle patches with antibacterial and NETs-degradation bifunctional properties for periodontitis treatment","volume":"53","author":"Shan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16080292","article-title":"Injectable thermosensitive hydrogel containing bakuchiol reduces periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in a rat model","volume":"16","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29248","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29248","article-title":"Injectable and self-invigorating hydrogel applications in dentistry and periodontal regeneration: a literature review","volume":"14","author":"Shirbhate","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.12.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial-targeted injectable hydrogel for periodontitis therapy via oral immunity and flora regulation","volume":"58","author":"Su","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15204146","article-title":"\u03b2-Tricalcium phosphate-loaded chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel for periodontal regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.02.026","article-title":"Advanced biomaterials for targeting mature biofilms in periodontitis therapy","volume":"48","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14040","article-title":"Next\u2010generation antibacterial nanopolymers for treating oral chronic inflammatory diseases of bacterial origin","volume":"57","author":"Toledano-Osorio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-9-7-25","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered 10% doxycycline hyclate and xanthan-based chlorhexidine gels in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e08400","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202508400","article-title":"Smart gated hollow mesoporous silica hydrogel for targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114881","article-title":"Hydrogel loaded with mesalazine for local injected treatment of periodontitis with superior anti-inflammatory, mucosal healing and bone repair performance","volume":"255","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85123-x","article-title":"Preparation of Ag-metal organic frameworks-loaded sodium alginate hydrogel for the treatment of periodontitis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2026.114502","article-title":"Advancing periodontitis treatment with hydrogels: mechanisms and future trends in polymer design and material synergy","volume":"243","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.102808","article-title":"Bioinspired lipid droplets nanoplatform for periodontitis therapy: integrated antibacterial, mitochondrial repair, and immunomodulatory functions","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Mat. Today Bio"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13645","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b03237","article-title":"Dual corona vesicles with intrinsic antibacterial and enhanced antibiotic delivery capabilities for effective treatment of biofilm-induced periodontitis","volume":"13","author":"Xi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31357","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c02776","article-title":"Injectable pH-responsive hydrogel adapted to gingival crevicular fluid microenvironment for periodontitis therapy","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.107793","article-title":"A multifunctional injectable microsphere with enhanced near-infrared photo-antibacterial, ROS scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties for periodontitis treatment","volume":"15","author":"Xiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203337","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202203337","article-title":"Alleviate periodontitis and its comorbidity hypertension using a nanoparticle\u2010embedded functional hydrogel system","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mat."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18732","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01940","article-title":"Microenvironment-responsive metal-phenolic nanozyme release platform with antibacterial, ROS scavenging, and osteogenesis for periodontitis","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.07.016","article-title":"A five-in-one novel MOF-Modified injectable hydrogel with thermo-sensitive and adhesive properties for promoting alveolar bone repair in periodontitis: antibacterial, hemostasis, immune reprogramming, pro-osteo-\/angiogenesis and recruitment","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02352-4","article-title":"Quercetin-loaded mesoporous nano-delivery system remodels osteoimmune microenvironment to regenerate alveolar bone in periodontitis via the miR-21a-5p\/PDCD4\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20240117","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20240117","article-title":"Applications of bioactive herbal extracts in dressing materials for skin wound repair: ingredients, mechanisms and innovations","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S67521","article-title":"Local delivery of minocycline-loaded PEG-PLA nanoparticles for the enhanced treatment of periodontitis in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101855","article-title":"Smart injectable hydrogels for periodontal regeneration: recent advancements in biomaterials and biofabrication strategies","volume":"32","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mat. Today Bio"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.7518\/hxkq.2023.01.002","article-title":"Application of gelatin methacryloyl\/minocycline-chitosan-nanoparticles composite hydrogel for the treatment of periodontitis","volume":"41","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"West China J. Stomatol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14421","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c16577","article-title":"Injectable nanocomposite hydrogels with strong antibacterial, osteoinductive, and ROS-Scavenging capabilities for periodontitis treatment","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20240062","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20240062","article-title":"Effects of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant strategies on wound healing in diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4624","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TB02717A","article-title":"Interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels with EGCG-MPN and nitric oxide for periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. B"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.09.030","article-title":"Thermosensitive antibacterial nanocomposite hydrogel guiding macrophage polarization and bone regeneration for periodontitis treatment","volume":"55","author":"Yu","year":"","journal-title":"Bioact. Mat."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045","article-title":"Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels","volume":"73","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155139","article-title":"Research progress of injectable hydrogels in the treatment of bone tissue diseases","volume":"498","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MH01563K","article-title":"Development of an injectable salicylic acid\u2013choline eutectic hydrogel for enhanced treatment of periodontitis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mat. Horiz."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05568","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202505568","article-title":"Ligand\u2010modulated manganese ferrite nanozyme hydrogel with balanced antioxidant activity and biocompatibility for periodontitis treatment","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mat."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29507","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05677","article-title":"Bioinspired glycopeptide hydrogel reestablishing bone homeostasis through mediating osteoclasts and osteogenesis in periodontitis treatment","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103451","article-title":"Revolutionizing oral care: reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Regulating biomaterials for combating infection and inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3739","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.97412","article-title":"An injectable magnesium-loaded hydrogel releases hydrogen to promote osteoporotic bone repair via ROS scavenging and immunomodulation","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14920","article-title":"Cathepsin K inhibition alleviates periodontal bone resorption by promoting type H vessel formation through PDGF\u2010BB\/PDGFR \u2010\u03b2 axis","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18838","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c01751","article-title":"Injectable dual-cross-linked hydrogels enabling sequential drug release for synergistic periodontitis therapy","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954501","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.954501","article-title":"Advanced injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03275-4","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels with ROS-Triggered drug release enable the co-delivery of antibacterial agent and anti-inflammatory nanoparticle for periodontitis treatment","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79874","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.79874","article-title":"Targeted use of antimicrobials in periodontal therapy","volume":"17","author":"Zubair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282221079458","article-title":"Injectable metronidazole-eluting gelatin-alginate hydrogels for local treatment of periodontitis","volume":"37","author":"Zussman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1874053\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:35:20Z","timestamp":1783575320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1874053\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1874053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1874053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"article-number":"1874053"}}