{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1790578603155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional printing and digital manufacturing are increasingly used to produce patient-specific implants, surgical guides, arthroscopic locators, and therapeutic constructs. Yet the field is often described through a device-centered lens, emphasizing anatomical customization, printing accuracy, and material feasibility. This framing is becoming insufficient. Patient-specific manufacturing should not be understood merely as the fabrication of individualized objects, but as a clinically executable workflow that translates imaging data into surgical action, regenerative therapy, and outcome-informed iteration. This Perspective proposes that the next stage of 3D printing in medicine depends on three conceptual shifts: from anatomical matching to functional and procedural optimization; from passive printed products to interfaces that carry digital planning into the operating room; and from isolated fabrication success to clinically validated, regulation-aware, and feedback-driven manufacturing systems. Orthopedic applications are used as a representative context, with particular attention to 3D-printed arthroscopic locators for knee arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This example illustrates how patient-specific design can move beyond open reconstruction into minimally invasive procedures, where accurate localization, reproducibility, and workflow compatibility are central. We further discuss therapeutic constructs, artificial intelligence, digital twins, point-of-care manufacturing, and translational barriers. Rather than offering another broad review of 3D printing applications, this Perspective proposes a framework for defining success in patient-specific digital manufacturing as the reliable conversion of patient data into safe, reproducible, and clinically meaningful intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1903071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:26:45Z","timestamp":1790576805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional personalization in digital manufacturing: a translational framework for patient-specific implants, arthroscopic locators, and therapeutic constructs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fuxin Coal Mine, Liaoning Health Industry Group (Department of Joint and Sports Medicine)","place":["Fuxin, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Han","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design Program, School of Arts, Guilin University of Technology","place":["Guilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Wei","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fuxin Coal Mine, Liaoning Health Industry Group (Department of Joint and Sports Medicine)","place":["Fuxin, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fuxin Coal Mine, Liaoning Health Industry Group (Department of Joint and Sports Medicine)","place":["Fuxin, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-Ying","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fuxin Coal Mine, Liaoning Health Industry Group (Department of Joint and Sports Medicine)","place":["Fuxin, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Gang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fuxin Coal Mine, Liaoning Health Industry Group (Department of Joint and Sports Medicine)","place":["Fuxin, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huai-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fuxin Coal Mine, Liaoning Health Industry Group (Department of Joint and Sports Medicine)","place":["Fuxin, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10545","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00139","article-title":"Introduction: 3D printing for biomaterials","volume":"120","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. 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