{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:59:10Z","timestamp":1790333950618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The landscape of clinical diagnostics is undergoing a fundamental shift from centralized laboratories toward decentralized point-of-care testing (POCT) models. Conventional molecular diagnostics often suffer from prolonged turnaround times, high operational costs, and a strict reliance on sophisticated infrastructure. To overcome these limitations, modern POCT platforms have deeply integrated advanced molecular techniques. These include diverse isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods (such as LAMP, RPA, and RCA) and highly specific CRISPR\/Cas recognition systems. Furthermore, coupling these biochemical reactions with microfluidic chips and smartphone-based digital platforms has enabled fully automated, \u201csample-in, answer-out\u201d diagnostic capabilities. This review systematically summarizes the technological evolution of these molecular POCT platforms. It highlights their transformative clinical applications across diverse fields, including infectious disease containment, early oncology screening, cardiovascular emergency triage, and metabolic disease management. Despite remarkable progress, several critical bottlenecks still prevent the widespread clinical translation of molecular POCT. These challenges include cross-interference in multiplexed detection, enzyme stability outside strict cold chains, high costs of core components, and the lack of tailored regulatory frameworks. Addressing these barriers via synthetic biology, robust system integration, and artificial intelligence is critical to advancing the core vision of delivering rapid, accessible, and precise healthcare solutions in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1908277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:03:46Z","timestamp":1790330626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular point-of-care: technological evolution, clinical applications, and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Danfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science Technology","place":["Benxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University","place":["Shenyang, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provinve Engineering Technology Research Center of Rapid-Accuracy Medical Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University","place":["Shenyang, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0118-RA","article-title":"Point-of-Care testing for sexually transmitted infections: a review of recent developments","volume":"144","author":"Adamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives Pathology and Laboratory Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-00876-y","article-title":"Circulating tumor DNA to monitor treatment response in solid tumors and advance precision oncology","volume":"9","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1039\/d5lc01014d","article-title":"Point of care molecular cancer diagnostics","volume":"26","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46771-z","article-title":"Development of a portable on-site applicable metagenomic data generation workflow for enhanced pathogen and antimicrobial resistance surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Bloemen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23497-y","article-title":"Single-molecule amplification-free multiplexed detection of circulating microRNA cancer biomarkers from serum","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.343834","article-title":"A systematic implementation of padlock probing-based rolling circle amplification in an integrated microfluidic device for quantitative biomolecular analyses","volume":"1351","author":"Caneira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113173","article-title":"Detection and differentiation of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B with colorimetric toehold switch sensors in a paper-based cell-free system","volume":"182","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57647-3","article-title":"Portable molecular diagnostic platform for rapid point-of-care detection of mpox and other diseases","volume":"16","author":"Cavuto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6245","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity","volume":"360","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114854","article-title":"Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer with CRISPR-based nucleic acid test strip by simultaneously identifying PCA3 and KLK3 genes","volume":"220","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00255","article-title":"Microfluidic immunosensing platform based on a rolling circle amplification-assisted DNA dendrimer probe for portable and sensitive detection of allergen-specific IgE","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10045","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07787","article-title":"An all-in-one microfluidic platform for POCT-ready nucleic acid extraction from heterogeneous clinical samples","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-022-04156-7","article-title":"Point-of-care COVID-19 testing: colorimetric diagnosis using rapid and ultra-sensitive ramified rolling circle amplification","volume":"414","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.064","article-title":"Cardiac troponin by point-of-care testing","volume":"75","author":"Collinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/350091a0","article-title":"Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification","volume":"350","author":"Compton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114101","article-title":"Isothermal amplification-assisted diagnostics for COVID-19","volume":"205","author":"De Felice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103274","article-title":"Molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of common bacterial meningitis pathogens: a narrative review","volume":"65","author":"Diallo","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411433","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202411433","article-title":"Wearable electrochemical biosensors for advanced healthcare monitoring","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70071","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.70071","article-title":"Advances and challenges in point\u2010of\u2010care testing for pathogenic bacteria in battlefield injuries","volume":"4","author":"Fan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117839","article-title":"A novel thermo-activated one-pot RPA-CRISPR-Cas12b assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae POCT","volume":"288","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4641","article-title":"Rolling replication of short DNA circles","volume":"92","author":"Fire","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.001","article-title":"Amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 with CRISPR-Cas13a and mobile phone microscopy","volume":"184","author":"Fozouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116740","article-title":"An extraction-free one-pot assay for rapid detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae by combining RPA and CRISPR\/Cas12a","volume":"267","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20230031","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.20230031","article-title":"Intelligent point of care testing for medicine diagnosis","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e09468","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509468","article-title":"A field\u2010deployable RotEx\u2010LAMP\u2010LFA platform for molecular triage of HPV\u2010Driven oncogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21430","DOI":"10.2196\/21430","article-title":"Point-of-Care approaches for meningitis diagnosis in a low-resource setting (southwestern Uganda): observational cohort study protocol of the \u201cPI-POC\u201d trial","volume":"9","author":"Gaudenzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9321","article-title":"Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a\/C2c2","volume":"356","author":"Gootenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.133244","article-title":"A novel linear displacement isothermal amplification with strand displacement probes (LDIA-SD) in a pocket-size device for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases","volume":"379","author":"Gou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400595","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202400595","article-title":"Revolutionary point-of-care wearable diagnostics for early disease detection and biomarker discovery through intelligent technologies","volume":"11","author":"Haghayegh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58527-6","article-title":"Machine learning in point-of-care testing: innovations, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06538-3","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas12a-coupled multiplexed strand displacement amplification for miRNA155 one-tube detection: via a dual-cavity PCR tube","volume":"191","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116641","article-title":"Fluorescent and colorimetric dual-readout platform for tuberculosis point-of-care detection based on dual signal amplification strategy and quantum dot nanoprobe","volume":"264","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20230026","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.20230026","article-title":"Programmable droplet microfluidics for complex multistep bioassays","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117976","article-title":"A quick thermal response digital acoustofluidic system for rapid on-chip PCR","volume":"290","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18238","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18238","article-title":"Development of multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of common fungal pathogens in invasive mycoses","volume":"12","author":"Ismadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26416-z","article-title":"Breath-based lung cancer detection using an ML-driven low-cost sensor array","volume":"15","author":"Iyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1039\/d1an00399b","article-title":"Padlock probe-based rolling circle amplification lateral flow assay for point-of-need nucleic acid detection","volume":"146","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-02075-z","article-title":"Ultra-rapid nanoplasmonic colorimetry in microfluidics for antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from specimens","volume":"21","author":"Jalali","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16976","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73981-6","article-title":"Ultrasensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a rapid and specific probe-triggered one-step, simultaneous DNA hybridization and isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick","volume":"10","author":"Jaroenram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60446-1","article-title":"Development of real-time PCR assays for the quantitative detection of epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus, comparison of TaqMan probes, and molecular beacons","volume":"5","author":"Jebbink","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Diagnostics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2025.109035","article-title":"17\u03b2-Estradiol point-of-care test by commercial pregnancy test strips based on target-triggered CRISPR\/Cas12a cleavage activity","volume":"166","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1039\/d3lc00753g","article-title":"UbiNAAT: a multiplexed point-of-care nucleic acid diagnostic platform for rapid at-home pathogen detection","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10785","DOI":"10.1039\/d1nr00564b","article-title":"Ultrasensitive version of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) utilizing a nicking and extension chain reaction system","volume":"13","author":"Ju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.4c00469","article-title":"Developing, characterizing, and modeling CRISPR-based point-of-use pathogen diagnostics","volume":"14","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(21)00191-9","article-title":"Multiplexed rapid technologies for sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Karellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114109","article-title":"Advances in nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs): COVID-19 point-of-care diagnostics as an example","volume":"206","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36874-6","article-title":"CRISPR-Induced DNA reorganization for multiplexed nucleic acid detection","volume":"14","author":"Karlikow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1039\/d4lc00265b","article-title":"Development of a self-powered digital LAMP microfluidic chip (SP-dChip) for the detection of emerging viruses","volume":"24","author":"Kasputis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00755-4","article-title":"Highly multiplexed rapid DNA detection with single-nucleotide specificity via convective PCR in a portable device","volume":"5","author":"Khodakov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0045-y","article-title":"Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofad443","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad443","article-title":"The effect of rapid point-of-care respiratory pathogen testing on antibiotic prescriptions in acute infections\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Kuitunen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148742","article-title":"Recent advances in glycated hemoglobin test methods: from lab to point of care testing devices","volume":"334","author":"Lakhera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113865","article-title":"Instrument-free, CRISPR-Based diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 using self-contained microfluidic system","volume":"199","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114719","article-title":"A novel photoelectrochemical microfluidic chip for multi-index determination of diabetes and its complications","volume":"217","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124924","article-title":"A capillary-based microfluidic chip with the merits of low cost and easy fabrication for the rapid detection of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"265","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401848","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202401848","article-title":"Fully integrated and high\u2010throughput microfluidic system for multiplexed point\u2010of\u2010care testing","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102847","article-title":"Impact of point-of-care PCR testing on antibiotic prescribing in pediatric outpatients with acute respiratory infections: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2026.103799","article-title":"Impact of molecular point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in acute respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10004","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c08249","article-title":"One-pot CRISPR\/Cas12a assay based on ultrashort HDA for ultrasensitive and universal nucleic acid detection","volume":"98","author":"Liao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00992","article-title":"Point-of-Care multiplex detection of respiratory viruses","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138822","article-title":"An ultra-sensitive and specific nanoplasmonic-enhanced isothermal amplification platform for the ultrafast point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"451","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00548-y","article-title":"A multiplex RPA-CRISPR\/Cas12a-based POCT technique and its application in human papillomavirus (HPV) typing assay","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. and Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-07049-5","article-title":"CHA-Based microarray with Cas12a universal readout for multiple","volume":"192","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"microRNA Detection Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c00863","article-title":"CRISPR\/cas on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for point-of-care screening of cervical cancer","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20250052","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.20250052","article-title":"Recent advances in isothermal amplification techniques coupled with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat\/cas systems","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Med."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162548","article-title":"Emerging point-of-care testing technology for the detection of animal pathogenic microorganisms","volume":"512","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ay02058a","article-title":"A self-priming dual-hairpin probe-mediated primer exchange reaction for label-free fluorescence detection of microRNA in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444908","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1444908","article-title":"An ultra-sensitive suboptimal protospacer adjacent motif enhanced rolling circle amplification assay based on CRISPR\/Cas12a for detection of miR-183","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2025.102868","article-title":"Ultralow-cost personal PCRstrip with volumetric heating based on broadband absorption plasmonic fabric for POCT of pathogens","volume":"65","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128657","article-title":"G4-NASBA: an ultra-fast, highly sensitive and portable isothermal detection system for diagnosing influenza A virus","volume":"297","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.08.026","article-title":"Digital quantification of DNA via isothermal amplification on a self-driven microfluidic chip featuring hydrophilic film-coated polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"99","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1039\/c9lc00797k","article-title":"A sample-to-answer, portable platform for rapid detection of pathogens with a smartphone interface","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13050517","article-title":"On-Chip nucleic acid purification followed by ddPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.14.705875","article-title":"Visualizing single-base RNA mutations in living cells through DNA nanostructure-mediated amplification","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"openRxiv"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126725","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas13a analysis based on NASBA amplification for norovirus detection","volume":"280","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0313660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313660","article-title":"Real-world use of multiplex point-of-care molecular testing or laboratory-based molecular testing for influenza-like illness in a 2021 to 2022 US outpatient sample","volume":"19","author":"Miron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25387-9","article-title":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: a non-enzymatic, isothermal strand displacement and amplification assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA","volume":"12","author":"Mohammadniaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114256","article-title":"Ligation-free isothermal nucleic acid amplification","volume":"209","author":"Moon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25387","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25387","article-title":"Point\u2010of\u2010care viral load monitoring: outcomes from a decentralized HIV programme in Malawi","volume":"22","author":"Nicholas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA","volume":"28","author":"Notomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1039\/c4lc00010b","article-title":"Mobile phones democratize and cultivate next-generation imaging, diagnostics and measurement tools","volume":"14","author":"Ozcan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132109","article-title":"CRISPR-cas12a mediated SERS lateral flow assay for amplification-free detection of double-stranded DNA and single-base mutation","volume":"429","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0112-RA","article-title":"Current status of clinical application of point-of-care testing","volume":"145","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives Pathology and Laboratory Med."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.173227","article-title":"A fully automatic, high-throughput, all-in-one centrifugal microfluidic workstation integrated with a Switching-PCR assay for rapid respiratory virus diagnostics","volume":"530","author":"Phan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040204","article-title":"DNA detection using recombination proteins","volume":"4","author":"Piepenburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112656","article-title":"Strand invasion based amplification (SIBA\u00ae): a novel isothermal DNA amplification technology demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity for a single molecule of target analyte","volume":"9","author":"Pyrc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00057","DOI":"10.1002\/ggn2.202500057","article-title":"Recognition, signal transduction, and amplification of nucleic acids under isothermal condition","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Genet."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115122","article-title":"Point-of-care tests for malaria: speeding up the diagnostics at the bedside and challenges in malaria cases detection","volume":"98","author":"Rei Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875","article-title":"Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase","volume":"239","author":"Saiki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115487","article-title":"Fully integrated sample-in-answer-out platform for viral detection using digital reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (dRT-RPA)","volume":"237","author":"Seder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1039\/d3sd00092c","article-title":"Point-of-care testing of infectious diseases: recent advances","volume":"2","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors and Diagnostics"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115523","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas12a-Assisted isothermal amplification for rapid and specific diagnosis of respiratory virus on an microfluidic platform","volume":"237","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-026-01172-w","article-title":"Vertical-flow tearable paper-tape rolls for scalable multiplexed point-of-care nucleic acid testing","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microsystems and Nanoeng."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-025-01498-2","article-title":"Bead-based approaches for increased sensitivity and multiplexing of CRISPR diagnostics","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-023-02002-0","article-title":"Circulating metabolites as potential biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis surveillance of gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163375","article-title":"Innovative microfluidic chip for quantitative plasma separation in POCT","volume":"514","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.08.009","article-title":"Molecular diagnostic methods versus conventional urine culture for diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Szlachta-McGinn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Urology Open Sci."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s44172-025-00385-7","article-title":"Allele-specific electrical genotyping for diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis","volume":"4","author":"Tayyab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Eng."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0300-7","article-title":"High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence","volume":"25","author":"Topol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10040202","article-title":"In vitro diagnostic assays for COVID-19: recent advances and emerging trends","volume":"10","author":"Vashist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2015.09.001","article-title":"Emerging technologies for next-generation point-of-care testing","volume":"33","author":"Vashist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400200","article-title":"Helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification","volume":"5","author":"Vincent","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9236","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9236","article-title":"Digital PCR","volume":"96","author":"Vogelstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126467","article-title":"CRISPR-Based electrochemical biosensors: an alternative for point-of-care diagnostics?","volume":"278","author":"Wachholz Junior","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.1.392","article-title":"Isothermal in vitro amplification of DNA by a restriction enzyme\/DNA polymerase system","volume":"89","author":"Walker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2022.100855","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive and rapid screening of acute myocardial infarction using 3D-affinity graphene biosensor","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00374-3","article-title":"Microfluidics-based strategies for molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06368-2","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas13a-based supersensitive circulating tumor DNA assay for detecting EGFR mutations in plasma","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/mdb2.70014","article-title":"Toward omni healthcare: wearable technologies for noncommunicable disease dynamic monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Bull."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118096","article-title":"A mismatch refractory (Mr.) LAMP\u2013lateral flow assay biosensor for highly specific and ultraportable detection of the MSTN g.66493737 T\/C variant","volume":"292","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118048","article-title":"A 3D-printed, self-driven microfluidic sensor chip for point-of-care testing (POCT) of norovirus","volume":"291","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19241","DOI":"10.1039\/d5cc04993h","article-title":"CRISPR-coupled triple cascade amplification for simultaneous lateral flow detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and H1N1","volume":"61","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05058","article-title":"The origins and the future of microfluidics","volume":"442","author":"Whitesides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55533","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c05923","article-title":"Point-of-Care extraction-free sample preparation for recombinase polymerase amplification of nucleic acid targets in buccal swabs or blood","volume":"10","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34086-y","article-title":"Microfluidic space coding for multiplexed nucleic acid detection via CRISPR-Cas12a and recombinase polymerase amplification","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-022-00457-4","article-title":"Genetic deconvolution of fetal and maternal cell-free DNA in maternal plasma enables next-generation non-invasive prenatal screening","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c07721","article-title":"A universal strategy for enhancing the circulating miRNAs\u2019 detection performance of rolling circle amplification by using a dual-terminal stem-loop padlock","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ay02168e","article-title":"Single-step duplex CRISPR coupled with lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of human immunodeficiency virus and Treponema pallidum","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415074","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202415074","article-title":"MBene nanosheets with DNA adsorbability for circulating tumor DNA assay via fluorescence biosensing and paper\u2010based microfluidic POCT","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128033","article-title":"A three-way junction-mediated SDA cascade CHA system for miRNA detection","volume":"293","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06451","article-title":"Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways","volume":"451","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.172832","article-title":"A lyophilized paper-based platform integrating RT-RPA and CRISPR\/Cas12a for smartphone-assisted point-of-care detection of norovirus in environmental and food samples","volume":"529","author":"Yin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04412-4","article-title":"A point-of-care testing device for monkeypox virus integrating recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow assay","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.127660","article-title":"DMSO enhanced one-pot HDA-CRISPR\/Cas12a biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Monkeypox virus","volume":"287","author":"Yu","year":"","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2024.115502","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction through integrated microfluidic chips for detection of characteristic targets","volume":"689","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00013","article-title":"Naked-Eye LAMP Assay of M. tuberculosis in Sputum by in situ Au Nanoprobe Identification: for the in vitro Diagnostics of Tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1039\/d4lc00326h","article-title":"Portable all-in-one microfluidic system for CRISPR\u2013Cas13a-based fully integrated multiplexed nucleic acid detection","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Lab a Chip"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128432","article-title":"Photothermal media for ultrafast photonic PCR systems: response mechanisms, classification and development status, challenges and future prospects","volume":"296","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769679","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1769679","article-title":"Point-of-care molecular diagnostics and drug-resistance mechanisms in neglected infectious diseases: current advances and future therapeutic opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12491","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00428","article-title":"Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids","volume":"115","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52922-y","article-title":"A robust, hand-powered, instrument-free sample preparation system for point-of-care pathogen detection","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117408","article-title":"Aptamer-based point-of-care-testing for small molecule targets: from aptamers to aptasensors, devices and applications","volume":"169","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114813","article-title":"Tailoring enzymatic loading capacity on 3D macroporous gold by catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction: application for ultrasensitive self-powered microRNA detection","volume":"219","author":"Zhao","year":"","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117886","article-title":"Sample-to-answer nucleic acid detection using a fully integrated microdevice for nucleic acid extraction and smartphone-based droplet digital RPA\/CRISPR","volume":"289","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c04713","article-title":"Coupling CRISPR\/Cas12a and recombinase polymerase amplification on a stand-alone microfluidics platform for fast and parallel nucleic acid detection","volume":"95","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynexs.2025.100059","article-title":"Molecular point-of-care testing technologies: current status and challenges","volume":"2","author":"Zu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nexus"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1908277\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:03:48Z","timestamp":1790330628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1908277\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":136,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1908277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1908277","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-4185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-4185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"article-number":"1908277"}}