{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:56:24Z","timestamp":1790751384662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The lack of standardized and reproducible\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    vascular models remains a major obstacle to the quantitative evaluation of endovascular devices and vessel\u2013device interactions. While recent bioprinted vascular constructs have increased biological complexity, reproducibility, shape fidelity, and mechanical consistency remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we establish a quantitatively characterized FRESH-bioprinted workflow that enables reproducible fabrication and standardized characterization of vessel-like constructs for device-oriented testing. Bioink formulation, printing parameters, and post-processing conditions were systematically optimized. At the same time, construct geometry and mechanical reproducibility were quantitatively evaluated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), confined compression, and ring tensile testing. Sterile fabrication, preliminary cellularization, controlled perfusion, and intraluminal stent-like ring deployment were further explored to assess procedural compatibility within a device-oriented vascular testing framework. The optimized workflow enabled reproducible fabrication of vessel-like constructs across multiple geometrical scales, with close agreement between designed and measured dimensions and limited batch-to-batch variability. Micro-CT analysis revealed controlled post-processing-induced geometrical changes, including mild shrinkage and lumen reduction, while mechanical testing demonstrated reproducible axial and circumferential responses across independent fabrication batches. Intraluminal deployment of a radiopaque polycaprolactone ring induced local vessel expansion of approximately 8% while preserving lumen patency and structural integrity under low-pressure perfusion conditions. Preliminary biological assays confirmed high cell viability for up to 14 days and initial endothelial adhesion, supporting compatibility with sterile cell culture procedures and providing a robust foundation for future biologically advanced vascular models. By integrating biofabrication, quantitative imaging, mechanical characterization, and preliminary biological validation into a single workflow, this work establishes a quantitatively characterized and reproducible FRESH-bioprinted vascular platform that bridges the gap between rigid vascular phantoms and biologically advanced tissue-engineered systems. The proposed platform provides a robust experimental foundation for future process standardization, device-oriented vascular testing, and the progressive development of standardized experimental models for endovascular research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1920619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:05:20Z","timestamp":1790748320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FRESH-bioprinted vascular constructs: a quantitatively characterized workflow for reproducible device-oriented applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Franca","family":"Scocozza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Delgrosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"]},{"name":"3D and Computer Simulation Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato","place":["San Donato Milanese, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3390\/polym2040664","article-title":"Tailoring mechanical properties of collagen-based scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering: the effects of pH, temperature and ionic strength on gelation","volume":"2","author":"Achilli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8633","DOI":"10.1039\/d4tb00601a","article-title":"Coaxial bioprinting of a stentable and endothelialized human coronary artery-sized in vitro model","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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