{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1790229866430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown biological effects in skin-related models, particularly in oxidative injury, wound repair, and photoaging. However, previous studies have used different MSC sources, EVs preparations, and experimental systems, and the activity of a defined EVs preparation across multiple skin-related processes has rarely been examined within a single study. Effects on sebocyte lipid metabolism and androgen-related responses are particularly poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (UC-MSC-EVs) were characterized and evaluated across complementary cellular and zebrafish models assessing oxidative injury, keratinocyte migration and barrier-related proteins, UVB-induced fibroblast senescence and extracellular matrix responses, sebocyte lipid and androgen metabolism, melanogenesis, and dermal papilla cell function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UC-MSC-EVs reduced UVB- and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced injury in HaCaT keratinocytes, decreased oxidative stress, and restored antioxidant enzyme activities. They also promoted keratinocyte migration, increased filaggrin and aquaporin-3 expression, and enhanced zebrafish tail-fin regeneration, increasing relative regenerated length from 60.24 \u00b1 4.01% in the model group to 84.10 \u00b1 5.82% at 48 h post-amputation. In UVB-exposed human skin fibroblasts, UC-MSC-EVs reduced cellular senescence and modulated extracellular matrix, inflammatory, and antioxidant responses. In oleic acid-stimulated SZ95 sebocytes, UC-MSC-EVs reduced lipid accumulation and lipid peroxidation and attenuated 5\u03b1-reductase activity and dihydrotestosterone production. In B16F10 cells stimulated with \u03b1-MSH, melanin content decreased from 147.60 \u00b1 15.98% to 99.70 \u00b1 7.98% of the untreated control at the highest tested UC-MSC-EVs concentration, accompanied by reduced tyrosinase activity and melanogenic gene expression. Pigmentation intensity was also reduced in zebrafish. In human dermal papilla cells, UC-MSC-EVs enhanced migration and increased alkaline phosphatase activity to 148.22 \u00b1 4.72% of the control level, while increasing expression of hair growth factors and reducing androgen metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results characterize the biological activity of a single UC-MSC-EVs preparation across multiple skin-related experimental systems and provide a basis for further investigation of its bioactive components and dose-response relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1939569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:43:59Z","timestamp":1790228639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated evaluation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles across skin-related cellular and zebrafish models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feidi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Beikeyuan Cell Technology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheguo","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd.","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Science","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1144","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00075.2020","article-title":"Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis: more than skin deep","volume":"318","author":"Bollag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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