{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:04:56Z","timestamp":1790229896935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody has been shown to hold tremendous promise in curing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the delivery efficacy of the targeted biologics limits this immunotherapy in a subset of CRC. Here we report a novel biomimetic \u2018Trojan horse\u2019 nano-delivery system for targeted gene-immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. The system comprises a core of gold nanoparticles and cationic liposomes encapsulating CRISPR\/Cas9\u2013sgSOX9, camouflaged with homologous CRC cell membranes for immune evasion and tumor tropism, and functionalized with PD-L1 antibodies to enhance tumor recognition and relieve immune suppression.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the nano-system potently suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , it exhibited robust tumor-targeting specificity, favorable preliminary biosafety profile and marked inhibition of tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. Mechanistically, the system remodeled the tumor microenvironment by promoting CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell infiltration and elevating effector cytokines IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. By seamlessly coupling precise gene delivery with potent immune activation, this nanoplatform offers a compelling therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2026.1947125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:44:28Z","timestamp":1790228668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Trojan horse nanoplatform overcoming delivery barriers for targeted gene immunotherapy of colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zhongshan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Engineering, Changzhou 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