{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:57:11Z","timestamp":1792155431242,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI139671, R01AI168475, R01AI114635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI139671, R01AI168475, R01AI114635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bacteriol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Communities of bacteria collectively known as the vaginal microbiota reside in the human vagina. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) describes an imbalance of this microbiota, affecting more than 25% of women worldwide, and is linked to health problems such as infertility, cervical cancer, and preterm birth. Following antibiotic treatment, BV becomes recurrent in many individuals. <jats:italic>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic> is widely believed to contribute to a healthy vaginal microbiome, and its therapeutic application has shown promise in early clinical trials investigating adjunct therapies for lasting treatment of conditions such as BV. There is a pressing need for therapeutic platforms that apply biologically active agents such as probiotic bacteria, to the vagina with little user effort but lasting effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we use a mouse model to investigate the functional utility and potential harms of soft, slow-dissolving fibers made by electrospinning polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly(lactic-<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Blank electrospun fibers that passed quality control checkpoints were administered vaginally in a murine model and compared to animals receiving mock procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fiber administration had no significant effects on mucus glycan markers, vaginal epithelial exfoliation, keratinization, tissue edema or neutrophil infiltration. <jats:italic>L. crispatus-<\/jats:italic>loaded fibers enabled <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> colonization in most animals for more than one week. Mice receiving <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>-loaded fibers had significantly higher measured concentrations of lactate in vaginal washes at 48 hrs compared to pre-colonization washes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data provide pre-clinical proof of concept that vaginal administration of electrospun fibers can achieve viable delivery and vaginal colonization by metabolically active <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>, without eliciting inflammation or injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbrio.2025.1562077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T05:27:52Z","timestamp":1744781272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preclinical validation of electrospun fibers to achieve vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus crispatus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christy N.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeshna","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie A.","family":"Aagard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Y.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nissi M.","family":"Varki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann B.","family":"Frieboes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren G.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000788","article-title":"Glycan cross-feeding supports mutualism between fusobacterium and the vaginal microbiota","volume":"18","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01777975","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177797","article-title":"Relationship between nugent score and vaginal epithelial exfoliation. 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