{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T04:40:13Z","timestamp":1756788013855,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021310","name":"Nigerian Institute of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally as it is associated with long-term health complications which affect the quality of life. Several plants are used in traditional medicine to manage diabetes, with claims of efficacy from traditional healers. One such plant is <jats:italic>Balanites aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic> (L.) Delile commonly called Desert Date. This systematic review examines the therapeutic effect of <jats:italic>B.aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic> on diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The protocol for the systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024587444). Four databases were searched for articles from 1986 to 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> August 2024. Keywords related to \u201ctherapeutic effect\u201d, \u201c<jats:italic>Balanites aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic>\u201d and \u201cdiabetes mellitus\u201d were used. Studies included were all animal models. Each article was critically appraised by two independent reviewers for their methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Case Control Checklist. The Cochrane SYRICLE Risk of bias tool was used for risk of bias assessment in these animal intervention studies. The animal experiments were conducted mainly in Alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced rat\/mice diabetes and a control of non-diabetes induced rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 32 articles were included. All the studies were appraised for blood glucose levels, and a reduction in blood glucose was reported in all <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies, regardless of the plant part used. Significant decrease in blood glucose level was recorded in Alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced rat\/mice diabetes. All the studies reported reduced blood glucose, reduced levels of lipids, reduced weight and increased insulin production. <jats:italic>B. aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic> mitigated hyperglycaemia irrespective of the presentation form, which includes extract and meal supplementation in rodents, oral capsule intake, and tea or fruit consumption in humans. Various mechanisms, including modulation of glucose metabolizing enzymes, were reported to underlie the <jats:italic>B. aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic> antidiabetic effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated administration of different parts of <jats:italic>B. aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic> in different presentation forms controlled hyperglycaemia in animal-models. A full-phase clinical trial is needed to determine the therapeutic effects of <jats:italic>B. aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic> in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:uri>, identifier CRD42024587444.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2025.1651789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T04:10:44Z","timestamp":1756786244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic effects of Balanites aegyptiaca DEL extract on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Olubukola Adebisi","family":"Odeniran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adegboyega Moses","family":"Oyefabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifeoluwa Temitayo","family":"Oyeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adewale Adegboyega","family":"Oke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Aziken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Adebayo-Gege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Ifeoluwa","family":"Adegbola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence Dayo","family":"Adedayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olunike Rebecca","family":"Abodunrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Folahanmi Tomiwa","family":"Akinsolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olajide Odunayo","family":"Sobande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODHYD.2019.105582","article-title":"Metabolism amelioration of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide on type II diabetic rats","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DIABRES.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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