{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:07:56Z","timestamp":1789106876162,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000996","name":"Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 preventive strategies had a profound impact on type-2 diabetes management, creating challenges for individuals who depended on routine in-person consultations with healthcare workers. Given that the pandemic did not affect diabetic women equally across countries worldwide, this research was conducted in Fiji to explore how women living with type-2 diabetes managed their condition during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a qualitative approach from a descriptive phenomenological lens. A total of 45 women with type-2 diabetes were purposively selected for in-depth interviews, as the study depended on participants ability to provide relevant information on the phenomenon being investigated. The data collection involved using a semi-structured interview guide with participants selected from different ethnic groups, ages, religions and settings to enhance data diversity. The data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The themes that emerged were the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T2DM management, coping strategies and recommended interventions. The perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes management included limited access to healthcare workers and diabetes supplies, canceled or postponed appointments, changes in physical activities, difficulty in maintaining standard diets and diabetes complications. The coping strategies identified were emotional eating, religious practices, family support and the use of herbal medications. Participants recommended the need for financial support, accessible specialized healthcare services, intensifying diabetes education, virtual clinics and providing door-to-door diabetes supplies in crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings underscore the need for stakeholders to mitigate the pandemic\u2019s impact on women with type-2 diabetes by ensuring better access to healthcare services, providers, and essential supplies to improve disease management. To ensure continuity of care during emergency situations, policy makers and health managers should implement interventions including virtual clinics and home deliveries of diabetes supplies. Strengthening education on diabetes management can prevent complications by addressing behavioral and safety issues such as emotional eating and the unauthorized use of herbal medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcdhc.2026.1846673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:33:04Z","timestamp":1789104784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID-19 pandemic and the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus among women in Fiji: concerns and context specific interventions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eunice","family":"Okyere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University","place":["Suva, Fiji"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kissinger","family":"Marfoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University","place":["Suva, Fiji"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramneek","family":"Goundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University","place":["Suva, Fiji"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Litia","family":"Makutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University","place":["Suva, Fiji"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ditoga","family":"Kabukeinamala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University","place":["Suva, Fiji"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106917","article-title":"Fraction of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths attributable to chronic diseases","volume":"155","author":"Reyes-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.004","article-title":"Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.018","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia\u2013a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.12.009","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with controls","volume":"28","author":"Goyal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine Pract"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc2018688","article-title":"New-onset diabetes in covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Rubino","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-01158-z","article-title":"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on progression of glycemic and cardiometabolic variables and changes in insulin indices: a longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Goyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.049","article-title":"COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics","volume":"14","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14883","article-title":"Needs, concerns and self\u2010management experiences of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: A qualitative study","volume":"39","author":"Upsher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1878-9566","article-title":"Diabetes and COVID-19: short-and long-term consequences","volume":"54","author":"Steenblock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hormone Metab Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30271-0","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England: a population-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Holman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-682091\/v1","article-title":"Self-isolation negatively impacts self-management of diabetes during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Pardhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndrome"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2019-100076","article-title":"More anxious than depressed: prevalence and correlates in a 15-nation study of anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2018","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal associations with mortality risk","volume":"40","author":"Naicker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(22)00278-9","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes services: planning for a global recovery","volume":"10","author":"Khunti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0331794","article-title":"Benefits and challenges: Qualitative exploration of women\u2019s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji","volume":"20","author":"Okyere","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175203","article-title":"A comparison of the convenience, quality of interaction, and satisfaction of virtual and in-person healthcare consultations: A nationwide study","volume":"13","author":"AlShareef","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420977766","article-title":"Comparison of patient satisfaction between virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic and in-person visits pre-pandemic","volume":"130","author":"Itamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Otology Rhinology Laryngology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20621","article-title":"Patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic: use of virtual care","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106113","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Pogorzelska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103013","article-title":"The nutritional and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Grabia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-020-00467-1","article-title":"Behavioral changes in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101624","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behavior and clinical care pathway management in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"60","author":"Cangelosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082327","article-title":"COVID-19 lockdown and changes of the dietary pattern and physical activity habits in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz-Roso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology2010001","article-title":"Disrupted self-management and adaption to new diabetes routines: a qualitative study of how people with diabetes managed their illness during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"2","author":"Grabowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107748","article-title":"The early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A national cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes its Complications"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00656-4","article-title":"The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2013a review","volume":"19","author":"Sciberras","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100938","article-title":"Trends and disparities in non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health\u2013Western Pacific"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpopen.2022.100073","article-title":"The value of lost output and cost of illness of noncommunicable diseases in the Pacific","volume":"3","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Policy Open"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2174\/0115733998260306231025151814","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes prevalence, control and management within Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu: A scoping review with a systematic approach","volume":"20","author":"Kuek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9486679","article-title":"Improving diabetes care: a Fijian diabetes service improvement study","volume":"2022","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5659753\/v1","article-title":"Climate change impacts on healthcare infrastructure in Fiji: A systematic quantitative literature review","author":"Deweerdt","year":"2024"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-022-10043-4","article-title":"Climate change and coastal resiliency of Suva, Fiji: a holistic approach for measuring climate risk using the climate and ocean risk vulnerability index (CORVI)","volume":"28","author":"Shiiba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mitigation Adapt Strategies Global Change"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/figshare.19692721","article-title":"Diabetes distress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes: a network analysis approach to understanding comorbidity","volume":"45","author":"McInerney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15272","article-title":"Diabetic complications and risk of depression and anxiety among adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Horsb\u00f8l","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154389","article-title":"Predictive factors for altered quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Albai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01391-z","article-title":"Relationship between diabetes health literacy, distress, burnout, social support, complications, self-care behaviors, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes: a path analysis study","volume":"16","author":"Jafari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndrome"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1137","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"Kautzky-Willer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06370-w","article-title":"Perceptions of diabetes distress during pregnancy in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a qualitative interpretive description study","volume":"24","author":"Tschirhart","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70004","article-title":"Women suffered more than men both during and after the COVID\u201019 pandemic\u2014A cross\u2010sectional study among 29,079 patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Ueland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrinology Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/14413582241264619","article-title":"What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines","volume":"33","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Australas Marketing J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08903344231176453","article-title":"Phenomenology: Researching the lived experience","volume":"39","author":"Dodgson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Lactation"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459241308071","article-title":"A methodological framework for descriptive phenomenological research","volume":"47","author":"Abraham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Western J Nurs Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10451595251349183","DOI":"10.1177\/10451595251349183","article-title":"Exploring sampling strategies to maximize qualitative research studies in adult education","author":"Samuel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adult Learn"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.156687","article-title":"Sense and readability: participant information sheets for research studies","volume":"208","author":"Ennis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Convenience and purposive sampling techniques: Are they the same","volume":"11","author":"Obilor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Innovative Soc Sci Educ Res"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"42","article-title":"Sample size determination for survey research and non-probability sampling techniques: A review and set of recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Entrepreneurship Business Econ"},{"key":"B47","article-title":"Validity and reliability within qualitative research for the caring sciences","volume":"14","author":"Coleman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Caring Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26666\/rmp.ijbm.2023.5.2","article-title":"Pre-testing semi-structured interview questions using expert review and cognitive interview methods","volume":"7","author":"Bhalla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Business Manage"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273187","article-title":"What do university students say about online learning and the COVID-19 pandemic in central Fiji? A qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"Okyere","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/08911762.2025.2590757","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative research: Moving from data saturation to theoretical saturation","volume":"39","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Global Marketing"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16481","article-title":"A worked example of qualitative descriptive design: A step\u2010by\u2010step guide for novice and early career researchers","volume":"81","author":"Villamin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Advanced Nurs"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459251385960","article-title":"Investigating the barriers and enablers to data-sharing behaviors: A qualitative registered report","volume":"8","author":"Henderson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Methods Practices psychol Sci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609406917733847","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917733847","article-title":"Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria","volume":"16","author":"Nowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186x.2025.2471645","article-title":"Thematic analysis in the area of education: A practical guide","volume":"12","author":"Kushnir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogent Educ"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069251338898","article-title":"Leveraging generative text models and natural language processing to perform traditional thematic data analysis","volume":"24","author":"Anakok","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100198","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5222482","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in qualitative research","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Medicine Surgery Public Health"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-1892-0_23","article-title":"Qualitative data analysis","volume-title":"Research Methodology in Agricultural Sciences","author":"Njeri Mugwe","year":"2026"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.70030","article-title":"Collaborative coding in inductive content analysis: Why, when, and how to do it","volume":"34","author":"Coulston","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.71146\/kjmr204","article-title":"RIGOR: The assessment of trustworthiness","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kashf J Multidiscip Res"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2023.2238625","article-title":"Probing in qualitative research interviews: Theory and practice","volume":"20","author":"Robinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25082\/aere.2025.01.001","article-title":"Methods of data collection in qualitative research: Interviews, focus groups, observations, and document analysis","volume":"6","author":"Chand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Educ Res Eval"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100051","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4965351","article-title":"The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Medicine Surgery Public Health"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.07.001","article-title":"Criteria for qualitative methods in human reliability analysis","volume":"194","author":"Laumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliability Eng System Saf"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-024-02022-5","article-title":"Purposive sampling in qualitative research: A framework for the entire journey","volume":"59","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069251369311","article-title":"Beyond the mirror: Challenging the common assumptions of reflexivity in qualitative research","volume":"24","author":"Trundle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m20-3026","article-title":"Reduced in-person and increased telehealth outpatient visits during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"174","author":"Baum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26558","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care utilization in a large integrated health care system: Retrospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111812","article-title":"Access to diagnostic tests and essential medicines for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes care: Cost, availability and affordability in the West Region of Cameroon","volume":"9","author":"Jingi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15277\/bjd.2020.246","article-title":"Supporting people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic without face-to-face appointments","volume":"20","author":"Nagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Diabetes"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01476-2","article-title":"Tele-medicine versus face-to-face consultation in Endocrine Outpatients Clinic during COVID-19 outbreak: A single-center experience during the lockdown period","volume":"44","author":"Ceccato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2731","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary health care disease incidence rates: 2017 to 2020","volume":"20","author":"Sis\u00f3-Almirall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Family Med"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001819","article-title":"Factors associated with missed appointments by adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20210330-04","article-title":"Follow-up appointment delay in diabetic macular edema patients","volume":"52","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surgery Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.07002","article-title":"Maternal mortality in Bangladesh: Who, when, why, and where? A national survey-based analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Global Health"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31902-3","article-title":"Inequality in time to first antenatal care visits and its predictors among pregnant women in India: An evidence from national family health survey","volume":"13","author":"Tripathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3793","article-title":"Pandemic threatens primary care for long term conditions","author":"Levene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med J Publishing Group"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2248","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and changes in health care utilization among patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633x20985763","article-title":"The impact of telemedicine on patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: Findings and implications","volume":"29","author":"M Tourkmani","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Telemedicine Telecare"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108840","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on glycemic control among outpatients with type 2 diabetes in Japan: A hospital-based survey from a country without lockdown","volume":"176","author":"Tanji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2023.02.062","article-title":"Major amputations in diabetic foot during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic: A single centre study","volume":"65","author":"Tigla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.08.022","article-title":"Self-management of diabetes mellitus during the Covid-19 pandemic: Recommendations for a resource limited setting","volume":"14","author":"Mukona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1501-6","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on physical activity in community-dwelling older adults in Japan: A cross-sectional online survey","volume":"24","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutrition Health Aging"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0634-3","article-title":"Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-level framework for action","volume":"74","author":"Naja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2021.104220","article-title":"Healthier eating: Covid-19 disruption as a catalyst for positive change","volume":"92","author":"Jaeger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Qual Preference"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3823640","article-title":"Job loss and food insecurity during the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"50","author":"Milovanska-Farrington","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Economic Stud"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe10040067","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic, stress, and eating practices in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Khubchandani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Invest Health Psychol Educ"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041502","article-title":"Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on job activity, dietary behaviours and physical activity habits of university population of Naples, Federico II-Italy","volume":"18","author":"Brancaccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913913500045","article-title":"A conceptual framework for managing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Fiji","volume":"135","author":"Witter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Public Health"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2018.1465122","article-title":"Overview of trends in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in Fiji","volume":"45","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236068","article-title":"The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji","volume":"15","author":"Chand","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720945898","article-title":"Poorer diet quality observed among US adults with a greater number of clinical chronic disease risk factors","volume":"11","author":"Fanelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Primary Care Community Health"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02235-5","article-title":"Optimal dietary patterns for prevention of chronic disease","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02399-5","article-title":"Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: An Italian survey","volume":"18","author":"Di Renzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2021.101545","article-title":"Impact of staying at home measures during COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle of Qatar\u2019s population: Perceived changes in diet, physical activity, and body weight","volume":"24","author":"Alah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041813","article-title":"Stay-at-home\u201d lifestyle effect on weight gain during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in China","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2020.05.004","article-title":"Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Zachary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.540","article-title":"Improving lifestyle obesity treatment during the COVID\u201019 pandemic and beyond: New challenges for weight management","volume":"8","author":"Caldwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054121","article-title":"Sense of belonging, meaningful daily life participation, and well-being: Integrated investigation","volume":"20","author":"Haim-Litevsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/bjem.bjem_19_24","article-title":"Transforming diabetes management: Optimizing blood glucose control through lifestyle strategies for better health outcomes\u2013scoping review","volume":"4","author":"Osunde","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010187","article-title":"The power of movement: Linking physical activity with nutritional health and blood sugar balance in a Dalmatian type 2 diabetic population","volume":"17","author":"Radi\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10S","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276251325488","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions for treatment and remission of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in adults: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine","volume":"19","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2025.2524371","article-title":"The psychosocial problem areas, needs and resources in people with coexisting schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes. Design and results of a survey study","volume":"79","author":"R\u00f8nne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nordic J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.17066","article-title":"The relationships among family involvement, diabetes self\u2010management and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"82","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Advanced Nurs"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-021-01438-9","article-title":"The role of religion, spirituality and fasting in coping with diabetes among Indian migrants in Australia: A qualitative exploratory study","volume":"61","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Religion Health"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119697473.ch68","article-title":"Ethnic, cultural, and religious aspects to the management of diabetes","volume-title":"Textbook of Diabetes","author":"Hanif","year":"2024"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/pedi\/9014326","article-title":"Lived experiences of coping with type 1 diabetes among Palestinian youth: A qualitative study","volume":"2025","author":"Nazzal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2025.102436","article-title":"Socioeconomic and cultural factors influencing traditional medicine (TM) use in Nigeria: A systematic mixed method review","volume":"74","author":"Abhadionmhen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Integr Med"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000148","article-title":"Factors associated with noncompliance to diabetes medication in a rapidly urbanizing region in Ghana: A mixed-methods study","volume":"7","author":"Berkoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16467","article-title":"The mediating role of spirituality in delineating the interconnection between self\u2010efficacy and resilience among the parents of children with newly diagnosed diabetes: A community nursing\u2010led cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"82","author":"Amin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Advanced Nurs"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-021-01187-9","article-title":"The influence of religious participation and use of traditional medicine on type 2 diabetes control in urban Ghana","volume":"61","author":"Botchway","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Religion Health"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108314","article-title":"Social support and self-care outcomes in adults with diabetes: The mediating effects of self-efficacy and diabetes distress. Results of the second diabetes MILES\u2013Australia (MILES-2) study","volume":"166","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-022-00598-7","article-title":"The relationship between self-care activities, social support, and glycemic control in primary healthcare patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"El-Radad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245163","article-title":"The use of complementary and alternative medicine among hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients in Western Jamaica: A mixed methods study","volume":"16","author":"Adeniyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2021.05.007","article-title":"Traditional medicine and type 2 diabetes in first nations patients","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311886.2022.2106650","article-title":"Beliefs, perceptions, and tendencies of patients with diabetes towards folk-healing alternatives: A qualitative analysis","volume":"8","author":"Mekashaw Bayked","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogent Soc Sci"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20220461","article-title":"Fijian medicinal plants and their role in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"42","author":"Mala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20222151","article-title":"Nutritional strategies for intervention of diabetes and improvement of \u03b2-cell function","volume":"43","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2025.19.3.361","article-title":"Impact of cooked rice products developed for persons with diabetes on the postprandial blood glucose response in healthy adults","volume":"19","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr Res Pract"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-63926-5_5","article-title":"Nutritional approach to alleviate fatigue in T2DM, a narrative review","volume":"21","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2026","journal-title":"EC Nutr"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100862","article-title":"Financial hardship and social assistance as determinants of mental health and food and housing insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM-Population Health"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14498","article-title":"The impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on people with diabetes and diabetes services: A pan\u2010European survey of diabetes specialist nurses undertaken by the Foundation of European Nurses in Diabetes survey consortium","volume":"38","author":"Forde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049782","article-title":"COVID-19 hinterland: Surveilling the self-reported impacts of the pandemic on diabetes management in the USA (cross-sectional results of the iNPHORM study)","volume":"11","author":"Ratzki-Leewing","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.042","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals","volume":"14","author":"Chudasama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome: Clin Res Rev"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315967","article-title":"COVID-19 case management outcomes amongst diabetes and hypertensive patients in the United Arab Emirates: A prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Alkhemeiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878x231199815","article-title":"5G and the digital imagination: Pacific Islands perspectives from Fiji and Papua New Guinea","volume":"190","author":"Horst","year":"2024","journal-title":"Media Int Aust"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108304","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes in Brazil","volume":"166","author":"Barone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106103","article-title":"Integrating neural substrates, diabetes self-management, and behavior change for tailored lifestyle interventions in type-2 diabetes: A neurobehavioral perspective","volume":"172","author":"Cabral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2025.06.001","article-title":"Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Rias","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119861280","article-title":"Americans\u2019 trust in health information sources: Trends and sociodemographic predictors","volume":"33","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Health Promotion"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcdhc.2026.1846673\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:33:06Z","timestamp":1789104786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcdhc.2026.1846673\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":129,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcdhc.2026.1846673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcdhc.2026.1846673","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-6616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-6616","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"1846673"}}