{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:56:35Z","timestamp":1789955795092,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell Dev. Biol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T10:39:27Z","timestamp":1536835167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The Interplay of Host Autophagy and Eukaryotic Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varadharajan","family":"Sundaramurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Frickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02156-7","article-title":"Shedding of host autophagic proteins from the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane of Plasmodium berghei.","volume":"7","author":"Agop-Nersesian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy007","article-title":"Host cell cytosolic immune response during Plasmodium liver stage development.","volume":"42","author":"Agop-Nersesian","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.06.007","article-title":"Genetic diversity, clonality and sexuality in Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"34","author":"Ajzenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.091208.073403","article-title":"Malaria parasite development in the mosquito and infection of the mammalian host.","volume":"63","author":"Aly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.5.3115-3123.2005","article-title":"CD40 signaling in macrophages induces activity against an intracellular pathogen independently of gamma interferon and reactive nitrogen intermediates.","volume":"73","author":"Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28796","article-title":"\u201cCD40 induces macrophage anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes.","volume":"116","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30324-6","article-title":"Malaria.","volume":"391","author":"Ashley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-11-r92","article-title":"The interferon-inducible p47 (IRG) GTPases in vertebrates: loss of the cell autonomous resistance mechanism in the human lineage.","volume":"6","author":"Bekpen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21489","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular proliferation and capsule size determines early macrophage control of infection.","volume":"6","author":"Bojarczuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525606113","article-title":"LAP-like process as an immune mechanism downstream of IFN-gamma in control of the human malaria Plasmodium vivax liver stage.","volume":"113","author":"Boonhok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1745","article-title":"Dectin-1: a signalling non-TLR pattern-recognition receptor.","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden killers: human fungal infections.","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/35092620","article-title":"Immune recognition. A new receptor for beta-glucans.","volume":"413","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020470","article-title":"Dectin-1 is a major beta-glucan receptor on macrophages.","volume":"196","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.564-594.2002","article-title":"Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria.","volume":"15","author":"Carter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.006","article-title":"The parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Toxoplasma gondii is targeted for disruption by ubiquitin-like conjugation systems of autophagy.","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006027","article-title":"K63-linked ubiquitination targets Toxoplasma gondii for endo-lysosomal destruction in ifngamma-stimulated human cells.","volume":"12","author":"Clough","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.10.009","article-title":"How Toxoplasma and malaria parasites defy first, then exploit host autophagic and endocytic pathways for growth.","volume":"40","author":"Coppens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2014.998904","article-title":"Apoptotic-like Leishmania exploit the host\u2019s autophagy machinery to reduce T-cell-mediated parasite elimination.","volume":"11","author":"Crauwels","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2012.08.003","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro Leishmania amazonensis infection induces autophagy in macrophages.","volume":"44","author":"Cyrino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7729","article-title":"Extensive characterization of IFN-induced GTPases mGBP1 to mGBP10 involved in host defense.","volume":"179","author":"Degrandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.04.017","article-title":"Activation of autophagy and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during Leishmania infantum-associated glomerulonephritis.","volume":"185","author":"Esch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.03104-14","article-title":"Cryptococcal Phospholipase B1 (Plb1) is required for intracellular proliferation and control of titan cell morphology during macrophage infection.","volume":"83","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39432-4_5","article-title":"\u201c5 Macrophages in the Immune Response Against Cryptococcus,\u201d in","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Fungal Pathogens"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0974-3","article-title":"Autophagic digestion of Leishmania major by host macrophages is associated with differential expression of BNIP3, CTSE, and the miRNAs miR-101c, miR-129, and miR-210.","volume":"8","author":"Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2010.03.002","article-title":"The beclin 1-VPS34 complex\u2013at the crossroads of autophagy and beyond.","volume":"20","author":"Funderburk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021787","article-title":"Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2.","volume":"197","author":"Gantner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015.","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.11.006","article-title":"Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii during cryptococcosis.","volume":"78","author":"Gibson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.03.009","article-title":"Autophagy in antimicrobial immunity.","volume":"54","author":"Gomes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.20648","article-title":"The ins and outs of human reticulocyte maturation: autophagy and the endosome\/exosome pathway.","volume":"8","author":"Griffiths","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00019-18","article-title":"PDL-1 blockade prevents T Cell exhaustion, inhibits autophagy, and promotes clearance of Leishmania donovani.","volume":"86","author":"Habib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086684","article-title":"The E2-like conjugation enzyme Atg3 promotes binding of IRG and Gbp proteins to Chlamydia- and Toxoplasma-containing vacuoles and host resistance.","volume":"9","author":"Haldar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003414","article-title":"IRG and GBP host resistance factors target aberrant, \u201cnon-self\u201d vacuoles characterized by the missing of self.","volume":"9","author":"Haldar","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.08.012","article-title":"LC3-Associated Phagocytosis and Inflammation.","volume":"429","author":"Heckmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention.","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811045106","article-title":"Activation of antibacterial autophagy by NADPH oxidases.","volume":"106","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12579","article-title":"Human GBP1 does not localize to pathogen vacuoles but restricts Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"18","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6779","article-title":"Autophagy enhances NFkappaB activity in specific tissue macrophages by sequestering A20 to boost antifungal immunity.","volume":"6","author":"Kanayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00047","article-title":"Roles of autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in antifungal immunity.","volume":"7","author":"Kanayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02180.x","article-title":"T cell-dependent activation of macrophages and enhancement of their phagocytic activity in the lungs of mice inoculated with heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans: involvement of IFN-gamma and its protective effect against cryptococcal infection.","volume":"39","author":"Kawakami","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface.","volume":"9","author":"Kaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01443.x","article-title":"Coordinated loading of IRG resistance GTPases on to the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole.","volume":"12","author":"Khaminets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.1291","article-title":"Demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted Plasmodium vivax infection.","volume":"31","author":"Krotoski","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300132","article-title":"Corticosteroids block autophagy protein recruitment in Aspergillus fumigatus phagosomes via targeting dectin-1\/Syk kinase signaling.","volume":"191","author":"Kyrmizi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700790","article-title":"Characterizing the mechanisms of nonopsonic uptake of Cryptococci by Macrophages.","volume":"200","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061318","article-title":"Vacuolar and plasma membrane stripping and autophagic elimination of Toxoplasma gondii in primed effector macrophages.","volume":"203","author":"Ling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.11.1467","article-title":"The parasitophorous vacuole membrane surrounding Plasmodium and Toxoplasma: an unusual compartment in infected cells.","author":"Lingelbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00083","article-title":"The early interaction of Leishmania with macrophages and dendritic cells and its influence on the host immune response.","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00101-16","article-title":"Identification of signaling pathways by which CD40 stimulates autophagy and antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages.","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(08)01005-8","article-title":"Chapter 5 virulence in Cryptococcus species.","volume":"67","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34149","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.382812","article-title":"Dectin-1-triggered recruitment of light chain 3 protein to phagosomes facilitates major histocompatibility complex class II presentation of fungal-derived antigens.","volume":"287","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-596015","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax: restricted tropism and rapid remodeling of CD71-positive reticulocytes.","volume":"125","author":"Malleret","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1125072","article-title":"The ins and outs of reticulocyte maturation revisited: the role of autophagy in sickle cell disease.","volume":"12","author":"Mankelow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-010-9277-3","article-title":"Dectin-1: a role in antifungal defense and consequences of genetic polymorphisms in humans.","volume":"22","author":"Marakalala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-016-0255-4","article-title":"Loss of the interferon-gamma-inducible regulatory immunity-related GTPase (IRG), Irgm1, causes activation of effector IRG proteins on lysosomes, damaging lysosomal function and predicting the dramatic susceptibility of Irgm1-deficient mice to infection.","volume":"14","author":"Maric-Biresev","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"B57","article-title":"The malarial hypnozoite.","volume":"1","author":"Markus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010024","article-title":"Disruption of Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuoles by the mouse p47-resistance GTPases.","volume":"1","author":"Martens","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3192","article-title":"Molecular characterization of LC3-associated phagocytosis reveals distinct roles for Rubicon, NOX2 and autophagy proteins.","volume":"17","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22913","article-title":"Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms.","volume":"4","author":"Mayer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1983.tb02931.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural observations on the infection of rat liver by Plasmodium berghei sporozoites in vivo.","volume":"30","author":"Meis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.07.002","article-title":"In vivo induction of the autophagic machinery in human bone marrow cells during Leishmania donovani complex infection.","volume":"58","author":"Mitroulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.27.421","article-title":"Autophagosome formation in mammalian cells.","volume":"27","author":"Mizushima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913170107","article-title":"Loss of autophagy in erythroid cells leads to defective removal of mitochondria and severe anemia in vivo.","volume":"107","author":"Mortensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03188","article-title":"Genetically modified Plasmodium parasites as a protective experimental malaria vaccine.","volume":"433","author":"Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.1081","article-title":"TNF receptor-associated factor 6 is an essential mediator of CD40-activated proinflammatory pathways in monocytes and macrophages.","volume":"174","author":"Mukundan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003809","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii-induced activation of EGFR prevents autophagy protein-mediated killing of the parasite.","volume":"9","author":"Muniz-Feliciano","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e328345213e","article-title":"Normal and disordered reticulocyte maturation.","volume":"18","author":"Ney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00358-12","article-title":"Macrophage autophagy in immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.","volume":"80","author":"Nicola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00416-13","article-title":"Cell death of gamma interferon-stimulated human fibroblasts upon Toxoplasma gondii infection induces early parasite egress and limits parasite replication.","volume":"81","author":"Niedelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.09.008","article-title":"The Plasmodium liver-stage parasitophorous vacuole: a front-line of communication between parasite and host.","volume":"308","author":"Nyboer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302822","article-title":"Role of mouse and human autophagy proteins in IFN-gamma-induced cell-autonomous responses against Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"192","author":"Ohshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.02.021","article-title":"Inhibition of autolysosome formation in host autophagy by Trypanosoma cruzi infection.","volume":"170","author":"Onizuka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.04.008","article-title":"Global reprogramming of host kinase signaling in response to fungal infection.","volume":"21","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1178447","article-title":"Targeting by Autophagy proteins (TAG): targeting of IFNG-inducible GTPases to membranes by the LC3 conjugation system of autophagy.","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.018","article-title":"Mitochondria restrict growth of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii by limiting its uptake of fatty acids.","volume":"27","author":"Pernas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.006","article-title":"Induction of autophagy correlates with increased parasite load of Leishmania amazonensis in BALB\/c but not C57BL\/6 macrophages.","volume":"11","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014472","article-title":"The CD40-autophagy pathway is needed for host protection despite IFN-Gamma-dependent immunity and CD40 induces autophagy via control of P21 levels.","volume":"5","author":"Portillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006671","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii induces FAK-Src-STAT3 signaling during infection of host cells that prevents parasite targeting by autophagy.","volume":"13","author":"Portillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1067361","article-title":"Long-term live imaging reveals cytosolic immune responses of host hepatocytes against Plasmodium infection and parasite escape mechanisms.","volume":"11","author":"Prado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619665114","article-title":"Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) contributes to the immunity of human mesenchymal stromal cells against Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"114","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002078","article-title":"Functional analysis of host factors that mediate the intracellular lifestyle of Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.3.14539","article-title":"How cells deploy ubiquitin and autophagy to defend their cytosol from bacterial invasion.","volume":"7","author":"Randow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0054-x","article-title":"Plasmodium UIS3 sequesters host LC3 to avoid elimination by autophagy in hepatocytes.","volume":"3","author":"Real","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1312-1318.2000","article-title":"The CD40\/CD40 ligand interaction is required for resistance to toxoplasmic encephalitis.","volume":"68","author":"Reichmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5.1.7160","article-title":"The autophagic pathway is a key component in the lysosomal dependent entry of Trypanosoma cruzi into the host cell.","volume":"5","author":"Romano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myt035","article-title":"Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections.","volume":"52","author":"Rosentul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.5.681","article-title":"Parasitophorous vacuoles of Leishmania mexicana acquire macromolecules from the host cell cytosol via two independent routes.","author":"Schaible","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.10.014","article-title":"LC3-associated phagocytosis in microbial pathogenesis.","volume":"308","author":"Schille","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183797","article-title":"Inverted recruitment of autophagy proteins to the Plasmodium berghei parasitophorous vacuole membrane.","volume":"12","author":"Schmuckli-Maurer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003320","article-title":"Guanylate-binding protein 1 (Gbp1) contributes to cell-autonomous immunity against Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"9","author":"Selleck","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01157-15","article-title":"A noncanonical autophagy pathway restricts Toxoplasma gondii growth in a strain-specific manner in IFN-gamma-activated human cells.","volume":"6","author":"Selleck","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-2002-x","article-title":"Autophagy is redundant for the host defense against systemic Candida albicans infections.","volume":"33","author":"Smeekens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.3717","article-title":"CD40-TRAF6 and autophagy-dependent anti-microbial activity in macrophages.","volume":"3","author":"Subauste","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1573-1579.2006","article-title":"CD40 restrains in vivo growth of Toxoplasma gondii independently of gamma interferon.","volume":"74","author":"Subauste","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6690","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6690","article-title":"CD40-CD40 ligand interaction is central to cell-mediated immunity against Toxoplasma gondii: patients with hyper IgM syndrome have a defective type 1 immune response that can be restored by soluble CD40 ligand trimer.","volume":"162","author":"Subauste","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu290","article-title":"Dectin-1-dependent LC3 recruitment to phagosomes enhances fungicidal activity in macrophages.","volume":"210","author":"Tam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1179\/2047772415Z.000000000264","article-title":"Immature reticulocytes as preferential host cells and the challenges for in vitro culture of Plasmodium vivax.","volume":"109","author":"Thomson-Luque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.111732","article-title":"The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review.","volume":"91","author":"Torgerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.90","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus morphology and dynamic host interactions.","volume":"15","author":"van de Veerdonk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01145-12","article-title":"CD40 induces anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity in nonhematopoietic cells dependent on autophagy proteins.","volume":"81","author":"Van Grol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.24709","article-title":"Polyamine depletion inhibits the autophagic response modulating Trypanosoma cruzi infectivity.","volume":"9","author":"Vanrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024434","article-title":"Determinants of GBP recruitment to Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles and the parasitic factors that control it.","volume":"6","author":"Virreira Winter","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00297-09","article-title":"Cytokine signaling regulates the outcome of intracellular macrophage parasitism by Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"77","author":"Voelz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12754","article-title":"LC3-association with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Plasmodium berghei liver stages follows a noncanonical autophagy pathway.","volume":"19","author":"Wacker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807890200","article-title":"Host cell autophagy is induced by Toxoplasma gondii and contributes to parasite growth.","volume":"284","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.009","article-title":"A cluster of interferon-gamma-inducible p65 GTPases plays a critical role in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii.","volume":"37","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.4.439","article-title":"Gefitinib inhibits the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in HeLa cells.","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38170","article-title":"The rodent malaria liver stage survives in the rapamycin-induced autophagosome of infected Hepa1-6 cells.","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4799","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00738-07","article-title":"Rapid elimination of Toxoplasma gondii by gamma interferon-primed mouse macrophages is independent of CD40 signaling.","volume":"75","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.003","article-title":"Autophagosome-independent essential function for the autophagy protein Atg5 in cellular immunity to intracellular pathogens.","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcell.2018.00118\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T02:54:17Z","timestamp":1693882457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fcell.2018.00118\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcell.2018.00118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2018.00118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"article-number":"118"}}